Peripheral arterial and venous disase Flashcards
What does doppler measure?
Velocity and Direction
What are the limb veins divided into?
Superficial and deep
What is a perforator vein?
Perforates the deep fascia, from superficial to deep
What is the blood supply of the leg?
External Iliac Vein
Femoral Vein
Popliteal vein
What are the superficial veins of the leg?
Long saphenous vein
Short saphenous vein
Describe the location of the short saphenous vein?
Posterior Leg
Describe the location of long saphenous vein?
Runs the lower limb
What is the one constant vein in the body?
The long saphenous vein
Where can the long saphenous vein be identified?
Anterior to the medial malleolus
What is responsible for increasing the circulation of venous blood back to the heart?
The skeletal muscle pump
Other than the pump what aids venous return in it battle agaisnt gravity?
Valves
What happens to the pressure in the vein when the muscles are relaxed?
Pressure increases, pulls blood in
What is a varicose vein?
Tortuous, twisted or lengthened vein
What is the pathophysiology behind varicose veins?
The vein wall is inherently weak, which leads to dilation and separation of valve cusps so that they become incompetent
What are the symptoms of varicose veins?
Heaviness
Tension
Aching
Itching
What complications can arise from varicose veins?
Haemorrhage
Thrombophlebitis
Oedema Skin pigmentation Varicose eczema Lipodermatosclerosis Venous ulceration
The complications can be grouped in too, two categories, what are they?
Result from the vein itself
Result from venous hypertension
What is trombophlebitis?
Vein inflammation relating to a thrombus
Inflammatory response including pain
What causes varicose eczema?
Increased pressure in the veins of the legs
What presents with a hard layer of fat under the skin?
lipodermatosclerosis
What is venous hypertension a result of?
Failure of the calf muscle pump?
What are the causes of venous hypertension?
Venous ulceration
List some causes that cause the calf muscle pump to fail?
Immobility
Obesity
Reduced Hip, knee and or ankle movement
Deep vein incompetence
Volume overload
What is a retrograde circuit?
There is a problem with the superficial vein as the calf muscle pumps get flow back down the superficial vein, leads to an increase in venous rpessure
