3 Development of the CVS

Question 1

By what day is the cardiogenic field established?

Answer 1

18-19 days just after gastrulation

Question 2

Identify the cardiogenic field and blood islands? on a diagram?

Answer 2

do it

Question 3

What is the primitive heart tube made of?

Answer 3

Two endocardial tubes

Question 4

What are the different sections of the primitive hear tube?

Answer 4

• Aortic roots
• Truncus arteriosus
• Bulbus cordis
• Ventricle
• Atrium
• Sinus venosus

Question 5

What is a teratogenic agent?

Answer 5

a agent that disturbs the development of the embryo, either halting the pregnancy or producing a congenital malformation

Question 6

What process places the inflow and outflow of the heart into the correct orientation with respect to each other?

Answer 6

Looping

Question 7

What does the right atrium develop from?

Answer 7

Most of the primitive atrium and the sinus venosus

Question 8

What does the left atrium develop from?

Answer 8

a small portion of the primitive atrium and also absorbs part of the pulmonary veins

Question 9

What is a shunt?

Answer 9

ashuntis a hole or a small passage which allows movement offluidfrom one part of thebodyto another.

Question 10

What are the three shunts in the fetal circulation?

Answer 10

• Ductus Venosus
• Foramen Ovale
• Ductus Arteriosus

Question 11

What does the foramen ovale shunt between?

Answer 11

The shunt is between the right and left atrium

Question 12

What is the Ductus Venosus shunt between?

Answer 12

From the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava vein

Question 13

What does the Ductus arteriosus shunt between?

Answer 13

The shunt is between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta

Question 14

How does the foramen ovale close?

Answer 14

At birth, the the left atrial pressure exceeds that of the right forcing the septum primum against the septum secundum, functionally closing the foramen ovale.

Question 15

Which of the aortic arches forms the right proximal part of the subclavian artery and the arch of the aorta

Answer 15

the 4th arch

Question 16

What is PDA?

Answer 16

Patent ductus arteriosus, where the ductus ateriosus fails to close properly

Results in oxygenated blood from the descending aorta flowing into the pulmonary artery, leading to congestive heart failure

Question 17

What is purpose of the foramen ovale?

Answer 17

Allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. , bypassing the pulmonary circulation

Question 18

What is the ostimum secundum?

Answer 18

a hole in the septum primum

Question 19

What is the difference between the ostium primum and the ostium secundum?

Answer 19

Ositum primum is the first opening in the septum primum, the ostium secundum is the second opening

Question 20

What is the precursor to the foramen ovale?

Answer 20

the septum secundum

Question 21

What is hypoplastic left heart syndrome?

Answer 21

Birth defect that effects blood flow through the heart resulting in left ventricle developing abnormally

Question 22

What are the two parts of the ventricular septum

Answer 22

Muscular and membranous

Question 23

What septum grows superiorly from the floor of the ventricles?

Answer 23

the muscular septum

Question 24

What is the gap between the muscular septum and the endocardial cushions called?

Answer 24

the interventricular foramen

Question 25

What is the most common congenital cardiac malformation?

Answer 25

Ventricular septal defects

Question 26

What are the four defects of the tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 26

• Large ventricular septal defect
• Overriding aorta
• Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
• Right ventricular hypertrophy