8 Chest Pain and ACS Flashcards
What are some different types of non cardiac chest pain?
- Respiratory
- GI
- Musculoskeletal
What are some differences between pleural/pericardial pain and cardiac ischaemic chest pain?
Visceral - lung and heart
- Dull, poorly localised
- Worsened with exertion
Somatic pain - pleural
- sharp pain, well localised
- worse with inspiration
What is costochondritis?
Inflammation of the cartilage joints in the ribs
How can pericarditis present on an ECG?
- ST elevation
- wide spread ST segment
How else can pericarditis be identified?
Pericardial rub
What is the major pathology behind ischaemic heart disease?
Atheroslcerosis
What is stable angina?
Fixed narrowing of the artery, chest pain brought on by activity
What is the underlying problem in acute coronary heart disease?
A sudden reduction of blood flow to part of the heart muscle, caused by a blood clot that forms on a patch of atheroma within a coronary artery
What diagnostic tests are carried out to identify ACHD?
- ECG
- Blood tests - troponin
How does a STEMI present on an ECG?
Hyperacute T waves
ST segment elevation
How does angina present?
Often normal ECG
How does unstable angina and NSTEMI present?
ST segment depression sometimes, sometimes normal
What differences are there in the pathophysiology between an STEMI and an NSTEMI?
NSTEMI - complete occlusion of a minor artery or partial of major artery leading to partial thickness damage of heart
STEMI - complete occlusion of a major coronary artery leading to full thickness damage
How do you differentiate between unstable angina and an NSTEMI?
enzyme tests
