9 Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

Define heart failure

A

When the heart fails to maintain an adequate circulation for the needs of the body despite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is systolic heart failure?

A

a problem with pumping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is diastolic heart failure?

A

A problem with filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main causes of systolic heart failure?

A
  • Heart muscle disease
  • Reduced blood supply
  • Valvular heart disease
  • Arrhytmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the ejection fraction?

A

Volume ejected/total volume filled multiplied by a 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When ejection fraction suggests heart failure?

A

Below 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the major cause of diastolic heart failure?

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the relationship between central venous pressure and cardiac output?

A

A decrease in cardiac output by either a decreased heart rate or stroke volume results in blood backing up into the venous circulation as less blood is pumped into the arterial circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe structural features of systolic heart failure?

A

Thin walls, weakened muscles, increased ventricle volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe structural features of diastolic heart failure?

A

Increase muscle, less ventricle volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which sided heart failure leads to oedema?

A

Right, think they both do but definately right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can been seen on further examination of left sided heart failure?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Central cyanosis
  • 3rd or 4th heart sound
  • Murmur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which side heart failure is pitting oedema associated with?

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does RAAS system activation leads to deleterious long term effects?

A

Angiotensin II worsens HF by causing vasoconstriction and by increasing aldosterone production, which not only enhances Na reabsorption in the distal nephron but also causes myocardial and vascular collagen deposition and fibrosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does is the role of natriuretic hormone?

A

Produced in response to increased atrial volume and pressure, leads to an increase in renal excretion of Na

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to the levels of BNP in heart failure?

A

the level of BNP goes up when heart failure develops or gets worse

17
Q

What is another name for diastolic heart failure?

A

Heart failure with preserved Ejection fraction

18
Q

List some drugs used

A

ACE inhibitors
β-blockers
Aldosterone receptor blockers
Angiotensin II receptor blockers