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Adult Health > Perioperative Conditions Section 1 > Flashcards

Perioperative Conditions Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the perioperative episode?

A

The entirety of the surgery

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2
Q

What are the 3 phases of the perioperative period?

A

Preoperative
Intraoperative
Postoperative

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3
Q

What are the 6 reasons that people have surgery?

A
  • Diagnostic
  • Curative
  • Palliative
  • Preventative
  • Cosmetic
  • Explorative
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4
Q

What is emergence delirium?

A
  • A condition caused by adverse effects of surgery that is often mislabeled as senility or dementia
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5
Q

Describe the scale used to assign a physical status rating to a patient planning to receive anesthesia

A

P1: Normal, healthy person
P2: Pt with mild systemic disease
P3: PT with severe systemic disease
P4:Patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
P5: Moribund patient who is not expected to survive without surgery
P6: Declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes

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6
Q

What are the 3 phases of postanesthesia care?

A

I: Care immediately after postanesthesia; ECG and more intense monitoring

II: Ambulatory surgery patients; fast-tracking (patients who have bypassed phase I)

III: Extended observation; prepare for self-care

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7
Q

What is the first sense to return to the unconscious patient?

A

Hearing

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8
Q

What PaO2 is considered hypoxemia?

A

Less than 60 mmHg

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of hypoxemia?

A

Atelectasis

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10
Q

What is Capnography?

A

A non-invasive way to measure CO2 exhaled

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11
Q

What is hypercapnia?

A

Too much CO2 in blood

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12
Q

What are some manifestations of hypoxemia?

A

Tachypnea, gasping, anxiety, restlessness, confusion, and a rapid or thready pulse

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13
Q

A patient’s blood pressure is dropping and their heart rate is increasing. What is your goal? What can you suspect if this treatment doesn’t work?

A

To restore circulatory volume by administering fluid or blood products. If this doesn’t fix the problem, then you can suspect heart dysfunction.

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14
Q

What hormones leads to fluid retention?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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15
Q

How does ADH work?

A

When released, it more water absorption and decreased urine output which increases blood volume

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16
Q

How does ACTH work?

A
  • Stimulates adrenal cortex
  • Secretes cortisol and aldosterone
  • Causes body to hang onto sodium which draws water in
  • Increases blood volume
17
Q

What is a VTE?

A

Venous thromboembolism

18
Q

What can cause a VTE?

A
  • Venous stasis
  • Vein injury
  • Hypercoagulable state
19
Q

What patients are more prone to VTE?

A
  • Postop patients
  • Older
  • Obese
  • Immobilized
  • History of VTE
  • Predisposition to clotting
20
Q

Which symptoms should cause you suspect a PE in a postop patient? (Especially those receiving O2 therapy)

A
  • Tachypnea
  • Chest pain
  • Hypotension
  • Agitation
  • Tachycardia
  • Dyspnea
21
Q

You are watching a postop patient’s vital signs? When should you contact the provider?

Systolic BP:
Pulse rate:
Pulse Pressure:
Heart rhythm:
BP changes:

A

Systolic BP: Less than 90 or more than 160
Pulse rate: Less than 60 or more than 120
Pulse Pressure: Narrows
Heart rhythm: Changes
BP changes: gradually increases or decreases over several reading

22
Q

What 4 things does early ambulation do to prevent complication?

A

1) Increases muscle tone

2) Stimulates circulation (prevents venous stasis, VTE, and promotes wound healing)

3) Increases vital capacity and helps pt breathe better

4) Improves feelings of well-being

23
Q

What is postoperative cognitive dysfunction? (POCD)

A

Decline in patient’s cognitive function for weeks to months after surgery. More common in older people

24
Q

What is multiomodal analgesia?

A

Use of 2 or more analgesics with different mechanisms of action

25
Q

What are 3 treatments for malignant hyperthermia?

A
  • Dantrolene
  • Cooling measures (ice packs)
  • Correcting acid-base imbalances
26
Q

What is postoperative ileus?

A

Temporary impairment of gastric and bowel motility after surgery

27
Q

What are 3 synonyms for anesthesia that does not cause complete loss of consciousness or usually cause respiratory arrest?

A
  • Moderate Sedation
  • Conscious sedation
  • Procedural sedation
28
Q

What contraindication are noted for Succinylcholine?

A

Patients with history of malignant hyperthermia, skeletal muscle myopathies, allergies

29
Q

What medication acts as an antidote for vecuronium?

A

Neostigmine

Adult Health (12 decks)

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