Diuretic Drugs Flashcards
What are the two primary indications of diuretic drugs?
-Reduce blood pressure
-Treat edema associated with HF and renal/liver conditions
What are the 3 most common diuretics?
-Loop
-Thiazide
-Potassium-sparing
What are the two most common Loop Diuretic?
-Furosemide
-Torsemide
What are the 2 most common Thiazide Diuretics?
-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Metolazone
What are three of the most common Potassium-Sparing Diuretic?
Spironolactone
Amiloride
Triamterene
Describe the mechanism of action of Loop Diuretics
They prevent the reabsorption of sodium in the loop of Henle
What effect does Furosemide have on the vessels
Vasodilating effect which causes more blood flow to the kidneys
How long does it take for Loop Diuretics to start working?
1 hour PO
30 min IM
5 min IV
Describe the mechanism of action of Thiazide Diuretics
Promotes sodium, chloride, and water excretion in the distal convoluted renal tubule
Which diuretic will make you pee the most?
Loop Diuretics
What effect do Thiazide Diuretics have on the vessels?
Vasodilate
Describe the mechanism of action of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
-Promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention in the collecting tubules of the kidney
-Spironolactone prevents Aldosterone’s action
Which diuretic will make you pee the least?
Potassium-Sparing
Why is Spironolactone often prescribed with other diuretics?
To counter-act potassium-wasting effects of the other diuretics
Which electrolyte will you want to monitor when giving a loop and thiazide diuretic?
Potassium; can cause hypokalemia
What condition will you want to monitor in the patient before administering a loop diuretic?
Gout; can cause an increase in uric acid
What are 2 herbal drug supplements that can cause a drug reaction?
Gingko
Licorice
What electrolyte will you want to monitor before administering Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?
-Potassium but because it can cause HYPERkalemia instead
What are the contraindications of Loop Diuretics?
-Hepatic Coma
-Hypovolemia
-Anuria
-Sulfa drugs
What are the contraindications of Thiazide Diuretics?
-Hepatic Coma
-Anuria
-Renal failure
-Chronic Kidney Disease
What are symptoms of severe kidney impairment that would might hint that you probably shouldn’t administer a diuretic?
-Oliguria
-BUN
-High serum creatinine
What are the contraindications of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?
-Hyperkalemia
-Severe Renal Failure
-Anuria
-Pregnancy
Why can Loop Diuretics be used in patients with Renal Failure but other diuretics can’t?
Because Loop Diuretics maintain their effectiveness even when kidney function is impaired. But the other depend on good kidney function
What drug interactions are there with Loop Diuretics?
-Digoxin
-Aminoglycosides
-Vancomycin
-Corticosteroids
-Lithium
-NSAIDs
-Antidiabetic drugs
