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Adult Health > Diuretic Drugs > Flashcards

Diuretic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two primary indications of diuretic drugs?

A

-Reduce blood pressure
-Treat edema associated with HF and renal/liver conditions

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2
Q

What are the 3 most common diuretics?

A

-Loop
-Thiazide
-Potassium-sparing

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3
Q

What are the two most common Loop Diuretic?

A

-Furosemide
-Torsemide

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4
Q

What are the 2 most common Thiazide Diuretics?

A

-Hydrochlorothiazide
-Metolazone

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5
Q

What are three of the most common Potassium-Sparing Diuretic?

A

Spironolactone
Amiloride
Triamterene

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6
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of Loop Diuretics

A

They prevent the reabsorption of sodium in the loop of Henle

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7
Q

What effect does Furosemide have on the vessels

A

Vasodilating effect which causes more blood flow to the kidneys

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8
Q

How long does it take for Loop Diuretics to start working?

A

1 hour PO
30 min IM
5 min IV

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9
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Promotes sodium, chloride, and water excretion in the distal convoluted renal tubule

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10
Q

Which diuretic will make you pee the most?

A

Loop Diuretics

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11
Q

What effect do Thiazide Diuretics have on the vessels?

A

Vasodilate

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12
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

A

-Promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention in the collecting tubules of the kidney
-Spironolactone prevents Aldosterone’s action

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13
Q

Which diuretic will make you pee the least?

A

Potassium-Sparing

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14
Q

Why is Spironolactone often prescribed with other diuretics?

A

To counter-act potassium-wasting effects of the other diuretics

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15
Q

Which electrolyte will you want to monitor when giving a loop and thiazide diuretic?

A

Potassium; can cause hypokalemia

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16
Q

What condition will you want to monitor in the patient before administering a loop diuretic?

A

Gout; can cause an increase in uric acid

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17
Q

What are 2 herbal drug supplements that can cause a drug reaction?

A

Gingko
Licorice

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18
Q

What electrolyte will you want to monitor before administering Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?

A

-Potassium but because it can cause HYPERkalemia instead

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19
Q

What are the contraindications of Loop Diuretics?

A

-Hepatic Coma
-Hypovolemia
-Anuria
-Sulfa drugs

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20
Q

What are the contraindications of Thiazide Diuretics?

A

-Hepatic Coma
-Anuria
-Renal failure
-Chronic Kidney Disease

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21
Q

What are symptoms of severe kidney impairment that would might hint that you probably shouldn’t administer a diuretic?

A

-Oliguria
-BUN
-High serum creatinine

22
Q

What are the contraindications of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?

A

-Hyperkalemia
-Severe Renal Failure
-Anuria
-Pregnancy

23
Q

Why can Loop Diuretics be used in patients with Renal Failure but other diuretics can’t?

A

Because Loop Diuretics maintain their effectiveness even when kidney function is impaired. But the other depend on good kidney function

24
Q

What drug interactions are there with Loop Diuretics?

A

-Digoxin
-Aminoglycosides
-Vancomycin
-Corticosteroids
-Lithium
-NSAIDs
-Antidiabetic drugs

25
Q

What drug interactions are there with Thiazide Diuretics?

A

-Digoxin
-Lithium
-Antidiabetic drugs
-Antihypertensive drugs

26
Q

What drug interactions are there with Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?

A

-ACE Inhibitors
-Lithium
-NSAIDs

27
Q

Why should Furosemide be administered slowly via IV? At what rate?

A

Rapid admin can cause ototoxicity; 20mg/min

28
Q

At what time of day should diuretics be given?

A

During the day; if taken at night, can make you get up to pee a lot

29
Q

What are side effects of Loop Diuretics?

A

-Hearing loss
-Rash
-Pruiritus
-Nausea
-Diarrhea
-Hyperuricemia

30
Q

What are adverse effects of Loops Diuretics?

A

-Hypokalemia
-Severe dehydration
-Hyponatremia
-Hypochloremia
-Hypotension
-Hyperglycemia
-Renal failure
-Circulatory collapse

31
Q

What are side effects of Thiazide Diuretics?

A

-Hyperuricemia
-GI
-Anorexia
-Rash
-Orthostatic hypotension

32
Q

What are adverse effects of Thiazide Diuretics?

A

Same as Loop

33
Q

What are side effects of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?

A

-Menstrual Irregularities
-Hirsutism
-Impotence
-Gynecomastia

34
Q

What is the adverse effect of Potassium-Sparing Diuretic?

A

Hyperkalemia

35
Q

What is a normal volume for urine output?

A

30mL/hr or 600mL/24hr

36
Q

Why should Furosemide be taken with food?

A

It can cause nausea if taken on an empty stomach

37
Q

What foods are good sources of potassium?

A

-Bananas
-Honeydew
-Cantaloupe
-Sweet potatoes
-Spinach
-Lima beans
-Tomato Juice

38
Q

In what part of the kidney is sodium, potassium, and chloride transported into the bloodstream?

A

Loop of Henle

39
Q

What part of the kidney is responsible for the majority of water and sodium resorption back into the bloodstream?

A

Proximal tubule

40
Q

In what part of the kidney does antidiuretic hormone increase water and prevent excess water from being lost in the urine?

A

Collecting duct

41
Q

What happens when Furosemide is taken with NSAID? How would the provider adjust?

A

Furosemide activity is decreased; increase dose of furosemide

42
Q

Which diuretic can treat idiopathic hypercalciuria?

A

Metolazone

43
Q

Which class of diuretics is used to treat increased intracranial pressure?

A

Osmotic diuretics

44
Q

What class of diuretics acts on the Descending Loop of Henle?

A

Osmotic

45
Q

Name an osmotic diuretic drug?

A

Mannitol

46
Q

What is a normal serum potassium level?

A

3.5 - 5.2

47
Q

What is a normal serum chloride level?

A

95 - 107

48
Q

What is a normal serum sodium level?

A

135 - 147

49
Q

What is a normal serum creatinine level?

A

0.59 - 1.35

50
Q

What is a normal BUN level?

A

7-20

51
Q

What is the contraindication for Mannitol?

A

Fluid in the lungs

Adult Health (12 decks)

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