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Adult Health > Anti-hypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-hypertensive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

How is hypertension defined in adults older than 60?

A

Persistent SBP greater 150 and/or DBP greater than 90

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2
Q

How is hypertension defined in adults younger than 60?

A

SBP greater than 140 and/or DBP greater than 90

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3
Q

How is blood pressured measured?

A

Cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance

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4
Q

What is normal cardiac output?

A

4-8L/min

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5
Q

What is SVR?

A

Systemic Vascular Resistance; determined by vascular diameter and masculature

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6
Q

What is essential or primary hypertension?

A

When the cause is unknown

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7
Q

What is secondary hypertension?

A

Everything that’s not primary

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8
Q

What are the 7 main categories of hypertension drugs?

A

VICARDD

1) Vasodilators
2) Inhibitors (ACE & ARBs)
3) CCBs
4) Adrenergic
5) Renin Inhibitors
6) Diuretics

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9
Q

Describe what part of the body these drug subcategories work on:
1) Adrenergic neuron blockers
2) a2 receptor agonists
3) a1receptors blockers
4) b receptor blockers
5) combo a&b blockers

A

1) central and peripheral
2) central
3) peripheral
4) peripheral
5) peripheral

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10
Q

Name two a2 Receptor Agonist drugs

A

Clonidine
Methyldopa

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11
Q

How do a2 receptor agonist drugs work?

A
  • They stimulate the a2 receptors in the brain
  • This causes lower outflow of CNS
  • Results in lack of norepinephrine which reduces blood pressure
  • Also stimulates the kidneys which reduces activity of renin
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12
Q

Name 4 a1 receptor blocker drugs

A

Doxazosin
Prazosin
Terazosin
Tamsulosin

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13
Q

How do a1 Receptor Blocker drugs work?

A
  • They block the a1 receptors from being stimulated by epinephrine which normally would cause blood pressure to rise
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14
Q

Name 2 combo receptor drugs

A

Labetalol
Carvedilol

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15
Q

What else are a1 Receptor Blockers useful for especially in men?

A

Relieve symptoms of BPH

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16
Q

What are contraindications of adrenergic drugs?

A
  • Acute heart failure
  • Current use of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
  • Peptic Ulcers
  • Severe liver/kidney disease
17
Q

What are the most common adverse affects of adrenergic drugs?

A

BEDS DDDC

  • Bradycardia
  • Edema
  • Depression
  • Sexual Dysfunction
  • Dry mouth
  • Dizziness
  • Drowsiness
  • Constipation
18
Q

What suffix indicates an ACE Inhibitor drug?

19
Q

What is a prodrug?

A

A drug that is administered in its inactive form and must be metabolized by the body to its active form

20
Q

What 2 ACE Inhibitors are not prodrugs?

A

Captopril
Lisinopril

(best in a patient with liver dysfunction)

21
Q

Can pregnant women take ACE Inhibitors?

22
Q

How do ACE Inhibitors work?

A

Prevent ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) from converting Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II

23
Q

Which drugs are the drug of choice for patients with hypertension and heart failure and patients with diabetes? Why?

A

ACE Inhibitors; They prevent ventricular remodeling and hypertrophy after an MI and have protective effects on the kidneys

24
Q

What are contraindications of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • 5mEq/L or more of potassium
  • Pregnancy
25
Q

Name the adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors

A

CHAMBRED

Cough
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema
Mood changes
Bitterness (loss of taste)
Renal Impairment
Exhaustion
Dizziness

26
Q

Can you take NSAIDs with ACE Inhibitors?

A

No; they can reduce the antihypertensive effects and cause acute renal failure

27
Q

How do you identify an ARB drug?

A

Ends with -tan

28
Q

How do ARBs work?

A

They prevent Angiotensin II from binding onto tissues

29
Q

Can you take ARBs while pregnant or breastfeeding?

30
Q

What are the most common adverse effects of ARBs?

A

FLATHEAD

-Fatigue
-Loss of taste
-Angioedema
-Taste Loss
-Headaches
-Electrolyte Imbalance
-Angioedema
-Dizziness

31
Q

How do CCBs work?

A

They prevent calcium from binding to receptors preventing contraction

32
Q

Name top 5 CCBs

A

Diltiazem
Amlodipine
Nifedipine
Verapamil
Felodipine

33
Q

How do diuretics work?

A

They decrease plasma and extracellular fluids
This decreases preloads
Which decreases cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and workload of the heart

34
Q

How do you identify a diuretic?

35
Q

Name 4 vasodilator drugs

A

1) Minoxidil
2) Hydralazine
3) Diazoxide
4) Nitroprusside

36
Q

What are contraindications of vasodilator drugs?

A

Hypotension
Cerebral Edema
Head injury
Acute MI
Coronary Artery Disease

37
Q

What is the only Direct Renin Inhibitor drug?

38
Q

What are contraindications of Aliskiren?

39
Q

What electrolyte imbalance can hydrochlorothiazide cause?

A

Hypokalemia

Adult Health (14 decks)

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