Period 5- 1750 to 1900

Question 1

American Revolution

Answer 1

first cause was distance from colonies weakened royal rule
7 years wars left them needing money so the Revenue Act, the Stamp Act, and the Tea Act, were intended to raise funds for the British government
Colonist weren’t happy with Parliament started revolting with “No taxation without representations
The Americans kept getting defeated until the French decided to help, they brought ships, soldiers, weapons, and money

Question 2

Seven Years’s War

Answer 2

The French enlisted the Algonquin and Iroquois tribes to fight English colonist with them however the English were victorious
alot of debts therefore the British needed to raise taxes

Question 3

Thomas Paine

Answer 3

urged colonists to support independence movement, in his pamphlet “common sense” he attacked the British monarchy and appealed to the colonists to form a better government

Question 4

French Revolution

Answer 4

debts from Palace of Versailles, the Seven Years’ Wars, American Revolution, and the War of Spanish Succession, droughts damaging French harvested

Question 5

Estates General

Answer 5

Louis 14th needed to raise taxes so he called a meeting of the Estates-General to get everyone on board

Question 6

Estates General part 2

Answer 6

the first estates was made up of the clergy,
the second estate was made up of the nobles,
the third estate was made up if everyone else—peasants farmers and middle class or bourgeoisie

Question 7

National Assembly

Answer 7

Frustrated because they were shut out of the new constitution by the other estates, the third estate declared themselves the National Assembly

Question 8

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Answer 8

adopted by national assembly
a document recognizing natural rights based on the enlightenment, American Declaration of Independence, and writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 9

effect of French Revolution

Answer 9

The Reign of Terror
decline in church’s power
constitutional monarchy

Question 10

Constitutional monarchy

Answer 10

The National assembly ratified a new constitution, similar to the U.S constitution except that instead of a president, the king held on to executive power, making it a constitutional monarchy

Question 11

The convention

Answer 11

French leaders drew up a new constitution, under this new constitution, the Convention became the new ruling body
abolished monarchy proclaimed France a republic

Question 12

Jacobins

Answer 12

Radicals that led The convention

Question 13

Committer of Public Safety

Answer 13

afraid of foreign treats
an all powerful enforcer of the revolution and murderer of anyone suspected of anti-revolutionary tendencies
controlled the reign of terro

Question 14

The Reign of Terror

Answer 14

Led by Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins

Guillotine was used as a method of inhuman excecution, chopped off head

Question 15

The Directory

Answer 15

When French had enough of Robespierre they established a five man government

Star military leader was Napoleon Bonaparte, after military success on behalf of the directory, he overthrew the directory

Question 16

Napolean

Answer 16

He legitimized his actions through popular vote and made himself the First Consul under the new constitution
napoleonic code, religious freedom, recounciled relationship between church and state to restore unity

Question 17

Napoleonic Code

Answer 17

made French citizens equal and institutionalized some of the enlightenment ideas
The rights of women and children were very limited

Question 18

Napoleon’s empire

Answer 18

nepotism, put his family in paces he conquered
created nationalism by making everyone speak french
Empire starting falling because France lacked resources to control far-flung empire,

Question 19

Congress of Vienna

Answer 19

Leaders of countries that overthrew Napoleon met in Vienna to decide how to restore order in Europe

Reaffirmed absolute rule

tried to erase the whole French Revolution and Napoleon from European consciousness and restore royal order

Question 20

Agricultural Revolution II

Answer 20

through a process call enclosure, public lands that were shared during the Middle Ages were enclosed by fences, this allowed for private farming and private gain

New machines for plowing, seeding, and reaping, and development of chemical fertilizers allowed farmers to increase the amount of land they could farm and decreasing the amount of people needed to do it

Question 21

Unification of Italy

Answer 21

taly was a tangle of foreign controlled small kingdoms, Austria controlled Venetia, Lombardy, and Tuscany; France controlled Rome and Papal States, only the kingdom of Sardinia was controlled by Italians
Victor Emmanuel II managed to remove Austrian influence by siding with European powers in a series of wars

Question 22

Unification of Germany

Answer 22

William I, appointed Otto Von Bismarck prime minister to build the military and consolidate the region under its authority
To achieve consolidation Bismarck had to defeat Austria, which he did
After winning the war Bismarck crowned King William I as emperor of the German Empire

Question 23

Romanov czars

Answer 23

Russia Consolidates power by giving them absolute power

Question 24

abolishing of serfs in Russia

Answer 24

Alexander II began reforming, he issued the Emancipation Edict which abolished serfdom
serfs won their freedom and had opportunities to become land owners
but they has little political rights
they were given little land and they had to give huge payments to the governments to be able to keep the

Question 25

The People’s Will

Answer 25

An intellectual class began to assert itself against monarchy and Alexander II was killed by political group

Question 26

Russification

Answer 26

all Russians were expected to learn Russian language and convert to Russian Orthodoxy, anyone who didn’t was persecuted especially the Jews

Question 27

1823 State of Union Address

Answer 27

to ensure Europe wouldn’t recolonize the Americas, president Monroe declared in his 1823 State of Union Address that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to Europeans

Question 28

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 28

declaration in 1823 establishing America as a completely independent country

Question 29

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 29

added to the Monroe doctrine by President Theodore Roosevelt
said that the U.S would intervene in financial disputes between European powers and countries in the Americas if that would maintain peace

Question 30

Spanish- American Wars

Answer 30

Spain still controlled Cuba and Puerto Rico was involved in conflict with Cuban revolutionaries when the U.S sympathized with the Cubans and launched the war

Cuba received independence in exchange for compromises to the U.S like allowing the creation of two U.S naval bases