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Ap World History > Period 4- 1450 to 1750 > Flashcards

Period 4- 1450 to 1750 Flashcards

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1
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A

Invented the printing press during the renaissance

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2
Q

The prince

A

after printing press was invented books became easier to produce
Machiavelli produced the prince
It was a book for monarchs who wanted to maintain their power
Suggested monarch should be different from the church
And a leader should act it self-interest rather than moral principle

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3
Q

Causes of the Renaissance

A

Trade from Africa and the middle east introduced new ideas & money to Italy
The crusades
The plague because people started to get suspicious of the church since they couldn’t fix the problem

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4
Q

Artists of the renaissance

A

Michelangelo
Leonardo da Vinci
Donatello

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5
Q

Renaissance writers

A

Machiavelli, wrote the prince
Erasmus, wrote In Praise of Folly
William Shakespeare, most famously wrote sonnets, plays, etc

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6
Q

Humanism

A

Classicism, individualism, and secularism
People started to think for themselves
Interested in literature, history, and moral philosophy
Believed it was possible to live a moral life and participate in activities of the world

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7
Q

Protestant reformation

A

Hutch had to finance it building project and pay for renaissance artist
So they began to sell indulgences
Indulgences generate wealth and maimed church’s power
Sale of indulgences angered peasants and confirmed corruption
Nobles started resenting bc the church utilized their resources

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8
Q

Indulgences

A

A piece of paper that reduced sins

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9
Q

Martin Luther

A

Attacked sale of indulgences
Made a list of 95 arguments that spread quickly due to printing press
His list condemned the Catholic Church and called for reforms
Advocates closure of monasteries, translation of the Bible, and to end priestly authority
Said salvation was given directly by god not through church, this reduced church’s power as the middle man

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10
Q

Germany in Protestant reformation

A

Reformed church along the lines of Luther’s teachings

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11
Q

King Henry VIII

A

At first he didn’t allow Protestants and lutherans to build a following
Until pope failed to divorce him from his wife
Henry responded by making himself head of Anglican Church as English pope

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12
Q

John Calvin

A

Led a Protestant group by preaching of predestination

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13
Q

Catholic reformation

A

Led by Spain
Church started winning some of its credibility by banning indulgences and training priest
Weekly mass became obligatory

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14
Q

Council of Trent

A

Assembly of high church officials who met to address matters of doctrine and reform

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15
Q

St. Ignatius Loyola

A

Founded society of jesuits

Influential in restoring faith in the teachings of Jesus

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16
Q

Henry the Navigator

A

Sponsored voyages down the west African coast
Established trading post
Allowed Europeans to directly buy sliced and silk than Muslim merchant middlemen

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17
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

his cargo of pepper and cinnamon was very profitable and portuguese merchants began to organize further expeditions

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18
Q

Join Stock Company

A

an organization created to pool the resources of many merchants, and distributing the costs and risk of colonization and reducing the danger for individual investors

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19
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

founded by Emperor Hongwu
reestablished the confucian educational and civil service systems that was lost ater mogols
rebuild irrigation systems, as a result agricultural production increased
promoted manufacture of porcelain, silk, and cotton textiles
isolated

20
Q

Charles V

A

Holy Roman Emperor

he sought to stop Protestantism and increase the power of Catholicism

21
Q

Spanish Inquisition

A

Institution organized in 1478 by Fernando and Isabel of Spain to hunt out heretical or contrary opinions; subjects of persecution included Protestants, Jews, Muslims, and witches.

Phillip II sought to continue it

22
Q

Louis 14th

A

ruled by divine right
built a residence at versailles and moved his court there to keep an eye on them
louis

23
Q

Peter The Great

A

reformed army by extensive training and modern equipment from the west
commanded his subjects to wear western european fashion and ordered men to shave their beards, called westernization
Table of Rank, llowed non nobles to serve the state and join the nobility … nobility based on merit

24
Q

30 Year’s War

A

War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies
ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia

25
Q

Peace of Westphalia

A

ended the 30 years war
laid foundations for a system of independent states
regarded each state as sovereign and equal

26
Q

Catherine The Great

A

divided her empire into administrative provinces

worked to improve russia’s peasantry by restricting the punishment the noble owners could inflict on serfs

27
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

founded by Osman Bey
Made Constantinople their capital city, renamed it Istanbul, and converted cathedrals to mosques
religiously tolerant
rulers: Selim I and Suleiman

28
Q

Jannisaries

A

ottoman empire

enslaved children of Christian subjects turned into warriors

29
Q

Mughal Empire

A

founded by Babur

located in India

30
Q

Akbar

A

Mughal Empire
unify India by governing under religious tolerance
He eliminated the Jizya, the head tax on Hindus

Tried to improve women’s position by eliminating the sati, the practice where Hindu women would throw themselves on their husband’s funeral pyres

31
Q

Red Head

A

name given to Safavid followers because of their distinctive red headgear

32
Q

Chaldiran

A

Site of battle between Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Safavids severely defeated by Ottomans; checked western advance of Safavid Empire.

33
Q

Mullahs

A

Local mosque officials within the Safavid Empire

tried to convert all of population to Shi’ism

34
Q

Abbas the Great

A

monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology.
created slaves on captured Russians

35
Q

sufism

A

safavid religion

goal was to recover lost intimacy between God and the human soul

36
Q

King Alfonos I

A

in the Kingdom of Kongo who was a devout Roman Catholic and sought to convert all the subjects to Christianity

37
Q

Queen Nzinga

A

repelled the conquest of Angola (Kingdom of Ndongo) for forty years. She led spirited resistance against the Portuguese, often dressing as a male warrior when leading troops into battle

38
Q

Ndongo

A

The Kingdom of Ndongo was the place where Portuguese started to pick up the slave trade. It was referred to as Angola by the Portuguese.

39
Q

Zheng He

A

Chinese Navigator
ming government sponsored naval expeditions to make chinese presence in indian ocean basin

expeditions came to an end because confucian ministers believed that the resources committed to the expeditions would go to better uses if used for agriculture

40
Q

Ming Empire fall

A

The Ming Emperor invited Qing warriors to help him in a peasant uprising but instead the Qing drove out the emperor

41
Q

Qin or Manchu dynasty

A

Manchu emperors Kangxi and Qianlong were Confucian scholars

42
Q

Antonian Movement

A

a syncretic cult in Kongo
believed jesus was black, kongo was the real home of christianity, and heavens was for africans
When the Manchus felt threatened by European advances they expelled Europeans and banned Christianity

43
Q

Dona Beatriz

A

began Antonian moverment

44
Q

Tokugawa Shogunate

A

established by Tokugawa Ieyasu
a strict government, the shogun consolidated power away from the emperor
also known as Edo period because capital was in Edo

45
Q

National Seclusion policy

A

prohibited Japanese from traveling and foreigners from visiting Japan

Ap World History (15 decks)

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