Independence Movements in Asia and Africa

Question 1

Indian National Congress

Answer 1

mostly Hindu political party was established to increase the rights of Indian under colonial rule

Question 2

Muslim League

Answer 2

advanced the causes of Islamic Indians

pushed for the creation of a Muslim nations, the name for their future country was Pakistan

Question 3

Amritsar massacre

Answer 3

an organized resistance to colonial power

Question 4

Mohandas Gandhi

Answer 4

became the movement’s most important voice against colonial rule
Gandhi’s philosophy of passive resistance/civil disobedience gained popular support
Instead of fighting with weapons they staged demonstrations and refused to assist the colonial government

Question 5

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Answer 5

led Muslim league

his aim was to partition the subcontinent to form a separate Muslim nation

Question 6

African National Congress

Answer 6

Educated south Africans organized it to oppose European colonialism

Question 7

Difficulties of establishing stable nations in Africa

Answer 7

shown by the situation in Rwanda; ethnic strike, genocide, and human rights violations from conflicts between the Tutsi and Hutu
Upon Rwanda’s independence the Hutu revolted against the Tutsi leadership

Question 8

South African Act

Answer 8

the Union of South Africa was formed by combining two British colonies with two Dutch republics

Question 9

Aprartheid

Answer 9

established when South Africa won its independence

it was a way of dividing black and white

Question 10

Nelson Mandela

Answer 10

became leader of the African National Congress, an organization determined to abolish apartheid
After apartheid was abolished Nelson Mandela was elected the first president

Question 11

Zionist

Answer 11

Jewish nationalist

Question 12

Balfour Declaration

Answer 12

stated that the right for a home in Palestine for the Jewish people, but he also stated that it should replace the Palestinians who currently lived there

Question 13

Arab-Israeli War

Answer 13

When David Ben-Gurion announced the official creation of the Jewish home- land Muslims attacked Israel

Question 14

Palestine Liberation Organization

Answer 14

group dedicated to re-claiming the land and establishing a Palestinian state

Question 15

Reza Shah Pahlavi

Answer 15

took a stance similar to Japan in the Meiji Restoration
He instituted land and education reform, increased women’s rights by allowing them to vote, etc
This angered Islamic fundamentalists who wanted to make the Qur’an the law of the land

Question 16

Iranian Revolution

Answer 16

Transformed Iran from pro-Western nation to fundamentalist Islamic nation. becomes religious theocracy