European Imperialism Flashcards
Imperialism in India
Europe wanted luxury items like tea, sugar, silk, salt, ect from India
British East India Company in India
Europe wanted luxury items like tea, sugar, silk, salt, ect from India
Robert Clive
aised an effective army that got rid of the French in India
Sepoys
Indian who worked for the British
The East Indian Company relied on them to help administer regions under its control
Sepoy problem
When Sepoys learned that their bullet cartridges were greased with pork and beef fat, which violated Hindu and Muslim customs, they rebelled
The rebellion failed, consequences include British parliament taking control of India away from East India Company and making India a crown colony
Indian imperialism
Upper castes were taught English and were expected to adopt English attitudes, Christianity spread, railroads and canals were built, urbanization increased
But all that came at the expense of Indian culture
Indian National Congress
formed by educated indians they formed it to try to achieve independence from Britian
Opium
British introduced it to the Chinese and eventually the drug habit among the Chinese had grown so widespread and destructive that the Manchu emperor released an imperial edict forbidding the sale/use of opium
Opium War
between the British and Chinese where they fought over opium trade
Chinese only had swords, knives, and spears while Europeans has advanced weapons like rifles
Treaty of Nanjing
result of losing opium war
unequal treaty
it increased rights give to foreign powers, legalized opium trade, established christian missionaries, opened up all of China to trade
Taiping Rebellion
led by Hong Xiongnu
reforms included abolition of private property, creation of communal wealth
prohibition of foot binding and concubinage
ended up failing
self strengthening movement
sought to blend chinese culture with european technology
they built railroads, weapon industries, etc
wasnt enough to actually change china
Spheres of influence
foreign power broke china down in tributary states
France, Germany, Russia, and Britiain carved China for themselves
hundred days reform
emperor Guangxu tried to transform china into a constitutional monarchy, remodel education system, and modernize military,
Open door policy
the US pledged its support of the sovereignty of the Chinese government
because they were afraid the china would become a British colony and would be shut out of trade
Boxer rebellion
Boxers = anit-Manchi, anti-European, anti-Christianity, The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
organized to get rid of “foreign devils”
armed force of British, French, Germany, U.S, and Japanese troops defeated boxers
Commodore Matthew Perry
Japan refused to allow European and American merchants in japan until his arrival
he demanded the shogun to open Japan to trade and sign treaty of kanagawa
Treaty of Kanagawa
An agreement by Japan with America, that Japan would open two ports to trade with the U.S. and would help shipwrecked U.S. sailors
reasons for meiji
foreign powers led to domestic crisis in japan which led to fall of Tokugawa
Meiji reforms
returned authority to Japanese emperor
ended military governments
alliance of damiyo, court nobles, and samurai formed new government
sent students to the west to study everything from technology to constitutions
more Meiji reforms
abolished samurai class and removed damiyo from power to centralize power Meiji constitution established a constitutional monarchy
Afrikaners
South African Dutch settled in a region known as the Transvaal
discovered diamonds and gold in Transvaal
Boer Wars
the British quickly followed, fighting a series of wars for these resources ( diamonds and gold)
the British were successful and all of Africa was conquered by the British Empire
Berlin Conference
Otto Von Bismarck hosted European powers at a conference in Berlin to resolve differences over various European claims to lands in the African Congo
Almost the entire continent of Africa was colonized by Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Belgium
Suez Canal
The canal connected the Mediterranean sea to the Indian Ocean
Egypt started selling stock because of the government’s excessive spending
The British kept buying stocks and eventually controlled the Suez Canal and declared Egypt a British “colony” but the Egyptians remained in control
African boundary lines
separated colonial territories were based on European concerns instead of African history or culture
Tribal lands were cut in half and in other situations two rival tribes were brought together under the same colonial rule
African culture during imperialism
it was falling apart because it was hard for rival tribes to come together, there were European schools, Christian missionaries, and western business practices
scramble for Africa
Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts.
