Perio Exam Review

Question 1

Bone resorption in an uneven oblique direction and affects one tooth

Answer 1

Infrabony defect

Question 2

The sequence of events that occur during the development of a disease or abnormal condition is?

Answer 2

Pathogenesis

Question 3

3 basic states of the periodontium?

Answer 3

Health
Gingivitis
Periodontitis

Question 4

When is gingivitis observed clinically?

Answer 4

4-14 days after plaque biofilm accumulates in the gingival sulcus

Question 5

Species of bacteria that are not harmful

Answer 5

Innocuous

Question 6

Species of bacteria that are capable of causing disease

Answer 6

Pathogenic

Question 7

Bacteria that require oxygen

Answer 7

Aerobic

Question 8

Bacteria that cannot live with oxygen present

Answer 8

Anaerobic

Question 9

Flee floating bacteria

Answer 9

Planktonic

Question 10

99% of _____ all bacteria on earth live as attached bacteria

Answer 10

Attached

Question 11

What type of diseases may be plaque induced?

Answer 11

TB, cystic fibrosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis and periodontal disease

Question 12

What is the biofilm life cycle?

Answer 12

Attachment
Growth
Detachment

Question 13

A type of periodontal disease characterized by changes in the color, contour, and consistency of the gingival tissues

Answer 13

Gingivitis

Question 14

Gingivitis that lasts a short period of time

Answer 14

Acute gingivitis

Question 15

Gingivitis that lasts for months or years

Answer 15

Chronic gingivitis

Question 16

Type of periodontal disease that is characterized by the apical migration of the JE, loss of CT attachment and loss of alveolar bone

Answer 16

Periodontitis

Question 17

Movement of the JE apical to its normal location is termed

Answer 17

Apical migration of the JE

Question 18

Bodies reaction to injury or invasion by disease producing organisms

Answer 18

Inflammation

Question 19

Resorption of alveolar bone as a result of periodontitis

Answer 19

Alveolar bone loss

Question 20

Bone loss fairly even, overall reduction in the height of alveolar bone

Answer 20

Horizontal bone loss

Question 21

Less common pattern of bone loss and also called angular bone loss

Answer 21

Vertical bone loss

Question 22

Bone resorption is uneven primarily on 1 tooth

Answer 22

Infra bony defect

Question 23

Bowl shaped defect in the interdental alveolar bone with bone loss nearly equal on roots of 2 adjacent teeth

Answer 23

Osseous craters

Question 24

Occurs on a multi rooted tooth when periodontal infection invades the area between and around the roots

Answer 24

Furcation involvement

Question 25

A disease site that is stable with the attachment level of the JE remaining the same over time

Answer 25

Inactive disease site

Question 26

A disease site that shows continued apical migration of the JE over time

Answer 26

Active disease site

Question 27

A deepening of the gingival sulcus as a result of swelling or enlargement of gingival tissue

Answer 27

Gingival pocket

Question 28

A pathologic deepening of gingival sulcus

Answer 28

Periodontal pocket

Question 29

The movement of the cells of the JE from their normal position-- coronal to the CEJ-- to a position apical to the CEJ

Answer 29

Apical migration

Question 30

Occurs when there is horizontal bone loss

Answer 30

Supra bony pockets

Question 31

Occurs when there is vertical bone loss

Answer 31

Infrabony pockets

Question 32

A systemic arrangement into groups or categories based on common attributes

Answer 32

Classification

Question 33

Periodontal diseases involving inflammation of the gingiva in response to bacteria located at the gingival margin

Answer 33

Plaque induced gingival diseases

Question 34

Most common form of periodontitis-- is a bacterial infection within the supporting tissues of the teeth

Answer 34

Chronic periodontitis

Question 35

Characterized by a rapid loss of attachment and a less predictable response to periodontal therapy

Answer 35

Aggressive periodontitis

Question 36

The study of health and disease within the total population and the risk factors influence health and disease

Answer 36

Epidemiology

Question 37

Refers to the number of all cases (both old and new) of a disease that can be identified within a specified population at a given point in time

Answer 37

Prevalence

Question 38

The number of new disease cases in a population that occur over a given period of time

Answer 38

Incidence

Question 39

Bacteria that are capable of infecting the tissues of the periodontium

Answer 39

Periodontal pathogens

Question 40

Disease gets worse

Answer 40

Disease progression

Question 41

States that periodontal disease is characterized by periods of disease activity and inactivity (remission)

Answer 41

Intermittent disease progression theory

Question 42

Factors that modify or amplify the likelihood of developing periodontal disease

Answer 42

Risk factors

Question 43

Simplest organisms that can be seen only though a microscope

Answer 43

Bacteria

Question 44

Species of bacteria that are not harmful

Answer 44

Innocuous

Question 45

Species of bacteria that are capable of causing disease

Answer 45

Pathogenic

Question 46

Healthy periodontium stain and color

Answer 46

Gram positive Purple

Question 47

Type of stain that is seen in disease

Answer 47

Gram negative Red

Question 48

Periods when specific species or groups of species grow at tepidly accelerated rates

Answer 48

Bacterial bloom

Question 49

Film that is composed of a variety of salivary glycoproteins and antibodies

Answer 49

Acquired pellicle

Question 50

Dense protective barrier that surrounds the bacterial micro colonies

Answer 50

Extracellular slime layer

Question 51

What influences the shape of the plQue biofilm?

Answer 51

Fluid forces

Question 52

As the plaque biofilm develops, a series of ____ are formed that penetrate the extra cellular slime layer

Answer 52

Fluid channels

Question 53

Cell to cell adherence of one oral bacterium to another

Answer 53

Coaggregation

Question 54

The mechanisms that enable biofilm bacteria to colonize and invade the tissues of the periodontium are called

Answer 54

Virulence factors

Question 55

Short chains of amino acids found in living bacterial cell membranes that control transport of molecules

Answer 55

Peptides

Question 56

Harmful proteins released from the bacterial cell that act on host cells at a distance

Answer 56

Exotoxins

Question 57

Bacteria in an inactive state in order to survive adverse environmental conditions

Answer 57

Dormant bacteria

Question 58

The ability of a disease causing agent to actually produce the disease

Answer 58

Pathogenicity

Question 59

The space on the tooth surface occupied by the JE and the CT attachment givers immediately apical to the JE

Answer 59

Biologic width

Question 60

Excessive occlusal forces on a sound periodontium

Answer 60

Primary trauma from occlusion

Question 61

Normal occlusal forces on an unhealthy periodontium previously weakened by periodontitis

Answer 61

Secondary trauma from occlusion

Question 62

General name for any protein that is secreted by cells and affects the behavior of nearby cells

Answer 62

Cytokine

Question 63

Antibodies are collectively known as

Answer 63

Immunoglobulins

Question 64

Complex series of proteins circulating in the blood that works to facilitate phagocytosis or kill bacteria directly by puncturing bacterial cell membranes

Answer 64

Compliment system

Question 65

Coating of bacteria allows phagocytes to recognize, engulf and destroy the bacterium

Answer 65

Opsonization

Question 66

Thin layer of epithelial cells that line the interior surface of the blood vessel is called

Answer 66

Endothelium

Question 67

The process of immune cells exiting the vessels and entering the tissues is called

Answer 67

Transendothelial migration