Performance Enhancing Drugs Flashcards
What are the 7 main PEDs
- Stimulants
- Narcotic analgesics
- Anabolic agents/ steroids
- Peptide hormones
- Diuretics
- Blood doping
- Beta blockers
4 reasons why athletes take PEDs
- Pressure- to perform at a certain standard
- Improved performance- increased change of success
- Success- leads to fame and fortune
- Level playing field- belief that others are taking peds so having a need to keep up
Disadvantages of taking PEDs to the athlete
- Its cheating/ unethical/ moral issues
- Damage athletes reputation
- Serious health risk/ side affects
Disadvantages of taking PEDs on sport
- Reputation of sport being damaged
- Reduced number of spectators- reduced income
- Reduced participation in sport as sports is associated with cheating
- Sport loses sponsors and income
What are anabolic agents
Drugs that mimic the hormone testosterone. They increase muscle growth and reduce recovery time
How do anabolic agents benefit athletes
- They increase muscle size and strength
- Speeds up recovery time so athletes can train harder and more often
- Increases strength power and speed
- Increased aggression which is good for contact sports
4 Side effects of anabolic agents
- Liver and kidney damage
- High blood pressure, heart disease + heart attacks
- Hair loss + acne ( lowers self esteem and confidence)
- Facial hair + deeper voice in women
What are beta blockers
Drugs that block the affect of adrenaline which helps calm the athlete by reducing heart rate and tension and increasing control and precision for fine skills
3 Benefits of beta blockers
- Reduce heart rate and muscle tension
- Calming p/ relaxing effect
- Increase control + precision in fine skills
3 side effects of beta blockers
- Nausea/ sickness
- Poor circulation/ heart problems
- Tiredness / weakness
What are diuretics
Drugs that remove fluid from the body quickly by increasing rate of urination in the body
2 benefits of diuretics
- Rapid weight loss- e,g, sport that requires a certain weight
- Masking agent- removes illegal substances/ reduces concentration making them hard to detect
4 side affects of diuretics
- Dehydrated
- Muscle weakness + cramps
- Headaches + nausea
- Heart and kidney failure
What do narcotic analgesics do
They reduce the feeling of pain
3 benefits of narcotic analgesics
- Relieves pain from injuries quickly
- Allows athletes to train and play when injured
- Increases confidence
4 side affects of narcotic analgesics
- Pain is suppressed, causing performers to make injuries worse without realising
- Constipation
- Low blood pressure
- Addiction
What do stimulants do
They speed up brain activity, increase alertness and reduce fatigue / tiredness
4 benefits of stimulants
- Improved mental and physical alertness
- Increases reaction time
- Reduces tiredness and fatigue
- High levels of aggression
4 side affects of stimulants
- High blood pressure
- Strokes
- Heart and liver problems
- Anxiety / stress
What do peptide hormones do
Cause production of other hormones, erythropoietin increases red blood cells
What are the 3 steps involved in blood dooping
- Removing blood from body 2-3 weeks before competition and freezing it
- Body replaces red blood cells that have been removed
- 1-2 days before competition, the frozen blood is thawed and injected back into athletes
3 benefits of peptide hormones and blood Doping
- High red blood cell count = more oxygen delivered to muscles
- High aerobic capacity = high cardiovascular fitness / endurance
- Recover faster after exercise
4 side affects of peptide hormones and blood doping
- Thickening of blood could cause clots
- Potential of heart attack/ heart disease
- Potential risk of blood-borne diseae
- Blockage of blood vessle
