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Sports Science Ex Phys Yr 12 > PERFORMANCE ENHANCERS > Flashcards

PERFORMANCE ENHANCERS Flashcards

protein powders caffeine creatine

1
Q

An athlete can seek to gain an advantage over opponents by manipulating or supplementing their diet to what list all 3?

A

-Enhance training adaptations
-Improve performance
-Improve recovery

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2
Q

Athletes need to be aware of what in terms of performance enhancers

A
  • Specific requirements of their sport, and the methods available to enhance their performance
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3
Q

For all performance enhancers what are the 3 questions they need to answer

A
  1. What are the benefits?
  2. What are the physiological risks?
  3. Which athletes benefit from its use?
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4
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is Protein powders legal/illegal

A

Legal

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5
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is caffeine legal/illegal

A

Legal

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6
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is Creatine legal/illegal

A

Legal

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7
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is Anabolic Steroids legal/illegal

A

Illegal

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8
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is EPO legal/illegal

A

Illegal

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9
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is Blood Doping legal/illegal

A

Illegal

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10
Q

Name all the legal performance enhancers

A
  • Caffeine
  • Protein Powder
  • Creatine
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11
Q

Name all the Illegal performance enhancers

A
  • EPO
  • Blood Doping
  • Anabolic Steroids
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12
Q

Before consuming protein powder what should nutrionist recommend you to have

A
  • A well balanced and healthy natural foot diet
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13
Q

Generally how should and when should protein be consumed

A
  • Should be generally consumed in powder form
  • and consumed post-training
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14
Q

Explain what, at what time, CHO replenishment occurs

A
  • After activties lasting more than 90 mins protein and CHO mix is common
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15
Q

List 4 ways Protein powder enhance performers (Physiological benefit)

A
  • May help in increase muscle bulk and assist with repairing damaged tissue
  • Decrease muscle catabolism using protein as fuel source
  • Improves the rate of recovery from training sessions
  • Increased muscle mass occurs
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16
Q

Increased muscle mass only occurs if the athlete is doing what

A
  • If the athlete is doing a resistance program
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17
Q

List all the 4 Physiological risks/side effects of using protein powder

A

-Increased risk of osteoporosis
-Colon cancer
-Kidney damage
-Increase water retention

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18
Q

List all the type of athletes who benefit from Protein powder

A
  • Sports people hoping to increase muscle bulk
  • Athletes in heavy training assist with recovery
19
Q

In terms of caffeine talk about the effects of Guarana to energy drinks

A
  • It can provide double the amount of caffeine per serve
20
Q

What are the Physiological benefit of caffeine

A
  • Acts as an analgesic, reducing the perception of effort and hence increasing the the time to exhaustion in short distance events.
  • Stimulates the CNS alerting and arousal levels and decreasing reaction times
  • Thought to create glycogen sparing effect through the oxidation of fatty acids
21
Q

List at least 4 Physiological risks/side effects of caffeine

A

-Increased heart rate/cardiovascular activity
-Irritability
-Increased muscle shakes/tremors/twitching
-Insomnia
-Withdrawal effects
-Headaches
-Excessive intake may lead to over-arousal
-Potent diuretic

22
Q

List the athletes who benefit from caffeine

A

-Endurance events of 90+ minutes
-Short duration high-intensity efforts (1-5min)
-Events requiring fast reaction times

23
Q

What is creatine and where does it occur

A
  • Amino acid that occurs highly in meat and fish
  • Naturally occuring compounds found in skeletal muscle
24
Q

List all 3 Performance benefits for creatine

A

-Provide increased CP in the muscles, which reduces dependence on the Anaerobic Glycolysis system, thus increasing ATP & delaying the onset of fatigue

-Stimulate protein synthesis, reducing protein degradation & improving muscle enlargement

-Improve buffering effect on ADP, leading to increased supply of ATP

25
List at least 4 Physiological risks/side effects of creatine
-Weight gain -Cramping -Diarrhoea -Dehydration -Dizziness
26
List the athletes who benefit off creatine
- Short-duration, high-intensity explosive power activities, e.g. weight-lifting
27
How are Anabolic steroids consumed and what do they do
- Consumed orally, injected intramuscularly, or taken as gels or creams - synthetically produced drugs that mimics the effect of hormone testosterone (promotes bone density, muscle growth, and rapid recovery)
28
List all 4 Physiological benefits for Anabolic steroids
-Increase the performer’s size, strength and power -Decreases recovery time -Stimulates protein synthesis -Improved rate of tissue repair
29
List at least 4 Physiological risks/side effects of Anabolic steroids
-Acne -Liver disease/cancer/dysfunction/damage -Kidney disease/cancer/dysfunction/damage -Hypertrophy of the clitoris -Depression -Aggression -Hypertension -Infertility -Testicular atrophy -Increased masculinity -Male breast enlargement/female breast atrophy
30
Name the athletes who benefit from Anabolic steroids
Athletes who benefit: Sports requiring strength and power as athletes can train harder and more frequently
31
How does Blood doping – Blood transfusions work
It involves infusing extra human blood (RBCs) into the athlete via transfusions of their own blood (autologous) or a donor’s (homologous) with the same blood type.
32
List the five steps of blood transfusion
Remove 500ml-1000ml of blood from the athlete up to 6 weeks before the competition Place blood in a centrifuge to separate the RBCs from the plasma RBCs are stored (in a refrigerator) for up to 6 weeks During this time, the body recognises there is a shortage of RBCs RBCs are reinfused (sometimes as close as two days) before competitions
33
List all 3 Physiological risks/side effects of Blood doping – Blood transfusions
-Risk of infection -Risks of communication of infectious diseases and the possibility of a transfusion reaction -Increased viscosity of blood can cause it to clot or coagulate more readily, increasing the chance of heart attack, stroke and pulmonary embolism
34
Athletes who benefit from Blood doping – Blood transfusions
- Endurance Athletes
35
What is EPO and how is it consumed
- It is a naturally occurring hormone in the body that is secreted by the kidneys – EPO stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow Erythropoietin is given as an injection under the skin (subcutaneously).
36
What does EPO aim to increase
By injecting EPO, athletes aim to increase the number of red blood cells and, consequently, their aerobic capacity.
37
List all 3 Physiological benefits of Blood doping - Erythropoietin (EPO)
-Stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells (RBC’s) -Increased RBC’s ensures more O2 is transported to the muscles -Greater aerobic endurance and VO2 max
38
List at least 4 Physiological risks/side effects of Blood doping - Erythropoietin (EPO)
Increased blood viscosity blood clots heart attack stroke dehydration Potential for contracting infectious diseases Hypertension occurs when the substance is introduced too quickly Convulsions Influenza-like symptoms, bone aches and shivering following injection Liver or pancreatic damage
39
Athletes who benefit from Blood doping - Erythropoietin (EPO)
- Endurance athletes
40
What is Blood doping – Synthetic oxygen carriers
It involves the athlete injecting purified proteins or chemicals that can carry oxygen Examples include
41
List the 2 Physiological benefits of Blood doping – Synthetic oxygen carriers
-Like red blood cells, they work to deliver oxygen to the muscles, increasing aerobic capacity and endurance. -It can also increase EPO levels and reduce lactic acid production
42
List at least 4 Physiological risks/side effects of Blood doping – Synthetic oxygen carriers
-Potential for contracting infectious diseases -Hypertension occurs when the substance is introduced too quickly -Convulsions -Influenza-like symptoms, bone aches and shivering following injection -Liver or pancreatic damage
43
Athletes who benefit from Blood doping - Synthetic oxygen carriers
- Endurance athletes

Sports Science Ex Phys Yr 12 (22 decks)

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