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Sports Science Ex Phys Yr 12 > PERFORMANCE ENHANCERS > Flashcards

PERFORMANCE ENHANCERS Flashcards

protein powders caffeine creatine

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1
Q

An athlete can seek to gain an advantage over opponents by manipulating or supplementing their diet to what list all 3?

A

-Enhance training adaptations
-Improve performance
-Improve recovery

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2
Q

Athletes need to be aware of what in terms of performance enhancers

A
  • Specific requirements of their sport, and the methods available to enhance their performance
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3
Q

For all performance enhancers what are the 3 questions they need to answer

A
  1. What are the benefits?
  2. What are the physiological risks?
  3. Which athletes benefit from its use?
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4
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is Protein powders legal/illegal

A

Legal

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5
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is caffeine legal/illegal

A

Legal

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6
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is Creatine legal/illegal

A

Legal

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7
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is Anabolic Steroids legal/illegal

A

Illegal

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8
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is EPO legal/illegal

A

Illegal

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9
Q

In terms of performance enhancers is Blood Doping legal/illegal

A

Illegal

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10
Q

Name all the legal performance enhancers

A
  • Caffeine
  • Protein Powder
  • Creatine
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11
Q

Name all the Illegal performance enhancers

A
  • EPO
  • Blood Doping
  • Anabolic Steroids
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12
Q

Before consuming protein powder what should nutrionist recommend you to have

A
  • A well balanced and healthy natural foot diet
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13
Q

Generally how should and when should protein be consumed

A
  • Should be generally consumed in powder form
  • and consumed post-training
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14
Q

Explain what, at what time, CHO replenishment occurs

A
  • After activties lasting more than 90 mins protein and CHO mix is common
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15
Q

List 4 ways Protein powder enhance performers (Physiological benefit)

A
  • May help in increase muscle bulk and assist with repairing damaged tissue
  • Decrease muscle catabolism using protein as fuel source
  • Improves the rate of recovery from training sessions
  • Increased muscle mass occurs
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16
Q

Increased muscle mass only occurs if the athlete is doing what

A
  • If the athlete is doing a resistance program
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17
Q

List all the 4 Physiological risks/side effects of using protein powder

A

-Increased risk of osteoporosis
-Colon cancer
-Kidney damage
-Increase water retention

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18
Q

List all the type of athletes who benefit from Protein powder

A
  • Sports people hoping to increase muscle bulk
  • Athletes in heavy training assist with recovery
19
Q

In terms of caffeine talk about the effects of Guarana to energy drinks

A
  • It can provide double the amount of caffeine per serve
20
Q

What are the Physiological benefit of caffeine

A
  • Acts as an analgesic, reducing the perception of effort and hence increasing the the time to exhaustion in short distance events.
  • Stimulates the CNS alerting and arousal levels and decreasing reaction times
  • Thought to create glycogen sparing effect through the oxidation of fatty acids
21
Q

List at least 4 Physiological risks/side effects of caffeine

A

-Increased heart rate/cardiovascular activity
-Irritability
-Increased muscle shakes/tremors/twitching
-Insomnia
-Withdrawal effects
-Headaches
-Excessive intake may lead to over-arousal
-Potent diuretic

22
Q

List the athletes who benefit from caffeine

A

-Endurance events of 90+ minutes
-Short duration high-intensity efforts (1-5min)
-Events requiring fast reaction times

23
Q

What is creatine and where does it occur

A
  • Amino acid that occurs highly in meat and fish
  • Naturally occuring compounds found in skeletal muscle
24
Q

List all 3 Performance benefits for creatine

A

-Provide increased CP in the muscles, which reduces dependence on the Anaerobic Glycolysis system, thus increasing ATP & delaying the onset of fatigue

-Stimulate protein synthesis, reducing protein degradation & improving muscle enlargement

-Improve buffering effect on ADP, leading to increased supply of ATP

25
Q

List at least 4 Physiological risks/side effects of creatine

A

-Weight gain
-Cramping
-Diarrhoea
-Dehydration
-Dizziness

26
Q

List the athletes who benefit off creatine

A
  • Short-duration, high-intensity explosive power activities, e.g. weight-lifting
27
Q

How are Anabolic steroids consumed
and what do they do

A
  • Consumed orally, injected intramuscularly, or taken as gels or creams
  • synthetically produced drugs that mimics the effect of hormone testosterone (promotes bone density, muscle growth, and rapid recovery)
28
Q

List all 4 Physiological benefits for Anabolic steroids

A

-Increase the performer’s size, strength and power
-Decreases recovery time
-Stimulates protein synthesis
-Improved rate of tissue repair

29
Q

List at least 4 Physiological risks/side effects of Anabolic steroids

A

-Acne
-Liver disease/cancer/dysfunction/damage
-Kidney disease/cancer/dysfunction/damage
-Hypertrophy of the clitoris
-Depression
-Aggression
-Hypertension
-Infertility
-Testicular atrophy
-Increased masculinity
-Male breast enlargement/female breast atrophy

30
Q

Name the athletes who benefit from Anabolic steroids

A

Athletes who benefit:
Sports requiring strength and power as athletes can train harder and more frequently

31
Q

How does Blood doping – Blood transfusions work

A

It involves infusing extra human blood (RBCs) into the athlete via transfusions of their own blood (autologous) or a donor’s (homologous) with the same blood type.

32
Q

List the five steps of blood transfusion

A

Remove 500ml-1000ml of blood from the athlete up to 6 weeks before the competition

Place blood in a centrifuge to separate the RBCs from the plasma

RBCs are stored (in a refrigerator) for up to 6 weeks

During this time, the body recognises there is a shortage of RBCs

RBCs are reinfused (sometimes as close as two days) before competitions

33
Q

List all 3 Physiological risks/side effects of Blood doping – Blood transfusions

A

-Risk of infection
-Risks of communication of infectious diseases and the possibility of a transfusion reaction
-Increased viscosity of blood can cause it to clot or coagulate more readily, increasing the chance of heart attack, stroke and pulmonary embolism

34
Q

Athletes who benefit from Blood doping – Blood transfusions

A
  • Endurance Athletes
35
Q

What is EPO and how is it consumed

A
  • It is a naturally occurring hormone in the body that is secreted by the kidneys – EPO stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Erythropoietin isgiven as an injection under the skin (subcutaneously).

36
Q

What does EPO aim to increase

A

By injecting EPO, athletes aim to increase the number of red blood cells and, consequently, their aerobic capacity.

37
Q

List all 3 Physiological benefits of Blood doping - Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

-Stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells (RBC’s)
-Increased RBC’s ensures more O2 is transported to the muscles
-Greater aerobic endurance and VO2 max

38
Q

List at least 4 Physiological risks/side effects of Blood doping - Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Increased blood viscosity
blood clots
heart attack
stroke
dehydration
Potential for contracting infectious diseases
Hypertension occurs when the substance is introduced too quickly
Convulsions
Influenza-like symptoms, bone aches and shivering following injection
Liver or pancreatic damage

39
Q

Athletes who benefit from Blood doping - Erythropoietin (EPO)

A
  • Endurance athletes
40
Q

What is Blood doping – Synthetic oxygen carriers

A

It involves the athlete injecting purified proteins or chemicals that can carry oxygen
Examples include

41
Q

List the 2 Physiological benefits of Blood doping – Synthetic oxygen carriers

A

-Like red blood cells, they work to deliver oxygen to the muscles, increasing aerobic capacity and endurance.
-It can also increase EPO levels and reduce lactic acid production

42
Q

List at least 4 Physiological risks/side effects of Blood doping – Synthetic oxygen carriers

A

-Potential for contracting infectious diseases
-Hypertension occurs when the substance is introduced too quickly
-Convulsions
-Influenza-like symptoms, bone aches and shivering following injection
-Liver or pancreatic damage

43
Q

Athletes who benefit from Blood doping - Synthetic oxygen carriers

A
  • Endurance athletes

Sports Science Ex Phys Yr 12 (22 decks)

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