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STUDY OF HUMAN INTERACTION > Percieving groups > Flashcards

Percieving groups Flashcards

1
Q

What is a group defined as ?

A

“two or more individuals percieve themselves to be members of the same social category

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2
Q

Who defined the term group?

A
  • Turner 1982
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3
Q

What are the features of a group?

A
  • interact with one another
    -percieve the self as belonging to a group
  • are interdependent
  • have common goal
  • have a structure of norms or rules
    -influence each other
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4
Q

What are the different types of group?

A
  • entitavity
  • intimacy groups
    -task groups
    -common bond groups
    -common identity groups
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5
Q

What is entitavity in different types of group?

A
  • feature of a group that makes it appear a distinct unit that is bound together
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6
Q

What is intimacy groups in different types of group?

A
  • groups that are closely tied together
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7
Q

What is task groups in different types of group?

A
  • groups that come together temporarily to achieve a specific goal
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8
Q

What is common bond groups in different types of group?

A
  • members have close personal bonds within the group
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9
Q

What is common identity groups in different types of group?

A
  • members have close personal ties to the group itself
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10
Q

What are the stages in how a group forms?

A

1.forming
2.storming
3.norming
4. performing
5.adjourning

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11
Q

What is forming in the stages in how a group forms?

A
  • acceptance
    -avoidance of conflict
    -working out structure and roles
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12
Q

What is storming in the stages in how a group forms?

A
  • addressing issues
    -conflict
    -conflict may be suppressed in the interests of harmony
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13
Q

What is norming in the stages in how a group forms?

A
  • listening, support, flexibility
  • common identity and purpose
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14
Q

What is performing in the stages in how a group forms?

A
  • task orientation
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15
Q

What is adjourning in the stages in how a group forms?

A
  • task is complete and the group disengages
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16
Q

What is group socialisation?

A
  • explains dynamic nature of the group over time
    -interrelationships between group and individual members are important - moreland and levine 1982
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17
Q

Who demonstated interrelationships between group and individual members are important ?

A
  • Moreland & Levine, 1982
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18
Q

In group socialisation what are the 5 membership phases?

A
  1. prospective member (investigation)
  2. marginal member (socialisation)
  3. member (maintenance)
  4. marginal member (re-socialisation)
  5. ex-member (remembrance)
19
Q

What is role transition in group socialisation?

A

-where your membership to a group ends due to a chance, or development in which resocialization isnt an option
-role transitions can become ritualised events or rites of passage

20
Q

What are the social norms of group structure?

A
  • can be formal or informal rules
    -they can regulate and guide behaviour
  • some norms are universal, and some vary across cultures
21
Q

What are social norms in group defined as?

A
  • uniformities of behaviour and attitudes that determie, organised and differentiate groups from others group
22
Q

Who defined social norms in group ?

A
  • Sutton & Douglas 2020
23
Q

What are the two types of social norms?

A

-descriptive
-injunctive

24
Q

What are descriptive norms?

A
  • norms that most people follow, whether they are right or wrong
25
Q

What are injunctive norms?

A
  • norms that are perceived as being approved of by other people
26
Q

Why do norms work so well?

A
  • often enforced
    -people often internalise them
  • they become fixed during socialisation
    -consenual
    -frequently activated
    -act as action heuristics to make life easier
27
Q

What did Barley & Bechky 1994 in social roles?

A
  • groups with set roles tend to be more satisified and better perform
28
Q

What are the 3 types of violation of norms in a group?

A
  1. deviants
    2.imposters
  2. schism and subgroups
29
Q

What are deviants in 3 types of violation of norms in a group?

A
  • more disliked if they are in the group as they have gone against norms reflecting the group compared to someone out of the group
    -marginal group members
    deviate too far from protypical group members
  • helps group to point out what isnt going well and create social change
  • subjective group dynamics model - Marqures et al 2001
30
Q

Who created the subjective group dynamics model in deviants in 3 types of violation of norms in a group?

A
  • Marques et al 2001
31
Q

What are imposters in 3 types of violation of norms in a group?

A
  • posing as legitimate group member when they are not
    -“ meat-eating vegeterians”- dereogated more by the ingroup than outgroup - Jetten et al 2005
32
Q

Who demonstrated “meat-eating vegetarians” theory in imposters in 3 types of violation of norms in a group?

A
  • Jetten et al 2005
33
Q

What are schism and subgroups in 3 types of violation of norms in a group?

A

-schism: when groups break off and smaller groups form
- can result in conflict for the larger group (Sani & Reacher 1998)
- cross cutting categories- subgroups that represent categoies with members outside the larger group (Crisp & Hewstone 2007)
- subgroups can exert influence on the group

34
Q

What are the 5 things a group can do for us?

A
  1. interdependence
  2. affiliation, similiarity and support
  3. reducing uncertainty
  4. need for social identity
  5. optimal distinctiveness
35
Q

What is interdependence as one of the 5 things a group can do for us?

A

people can often achieve more in groups than when alone - Thibaut & Kelley 1959

36
Q

What is the key research in interdependence as one of the 5 things a group can do for us?

A
  • Thibaut & Kelley 1959
37
Q

What is affiliation, similarity and support as one of the 5 things a group can do for us?

A
  • grouping together with people who have the same attitudes - Baumeister & Leary 1995
38
Q

What is the key research in affiliation, similarity and support as one of the 5 things a group can do for us?

A
  • Baumeister & Leary 1995
39
Q

What is reducing uncertainty as one of the 5 things a group can do for us?

A
  • too much uncertainty about who we are can feel uncomfortable (Hogg et al 2008) and identifying with groups tells us a lot about who we are and how we are supposed to behave
40
Q

What is the key research in reducing uncertainty as one of the 5 things a group can do for us?

A

Hogg et al 2008

41
Q

What is need for social identity as one of the 5 things a group can do for us?

A

-positive consequences for the self (Tajfel & Turner 1979) and motivation to protect the group because it is past of the self image

42
Q

What is the key research in need for social identity as one of the 5 things a group can do for us?

A

Tajfel & Turner 1979

43
Q

What is optimal distinctiveness as one of the 5 things a group can do for us?

A

people like to distinguish themselves from others (Brewer, 1991) but need to affilitate with others and being in a group allows both

44
Q

What is the key research in optimal distinctiveness as one of the 5 things a group can do for us?

A

Brewer 1991

STUDY OF HUMAN INTERACTION (13 decks)

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