Constructing the self-concept: Learning who we are Flashcards

1
Q

How do people learn their own characteristics?

A
  • observing their own behaviours
  • Bem, 1967 - we use our own behaviour as a basis for inference
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2
Q

What did Bem, 1967 demonstrate?

A
  • we use our own behaviour as a basis for inference
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3
Q

What are cues for learning who we are?

A
  • observing own behaviours
  • interpretation of our own thoughts and feelings
  • other peoples reactions
    -comparison to others
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4
Q

Who is the key research study by in one of the cues being from other peoples reactions?

A
  • Coolie 1902 - looking glass effect- learn who we are through our interactions with other
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5
Q

Who is the key research study by in one of the cues being from comparing to others?

A
  • Festinger 1954 - people gain info about themselves by seeking out similiar others for comparison
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6
Q

What is the upward and downward comparison demonstrated by Festinger, 1954?

A
  • upward: comparing to someone above us in status
    -downward: comparing to someone below us in status
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7
Q

What is the Miller, Brickman & Boles 1975 study?

A
  • teachers and parents repeatedly told group of children they were tidy, second group were told to be tidy, third group (control) not told anything
  • children labelled as being tidy were tidiest- influenced self concept and subsequent behaviour - self fulfilling prophecy
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8
Q

When learning about the self and others, how is it similiar?

A
  • integration of info is similiar- we use similiar processes in the ways we learn about self as others
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9
Q

What are the two different attributions for self and others?

A
  • actor-observer differences in attribution
  • fundamental error
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9
Q

When learning about the self and others, how is it different?

A
  • we have more knowledge about ourselves- see ourselves in a wider range of situations and for more time
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10
Q

What is actor-observer differences in attribution?

A
  • tend to see personality as cause of others behaviours - situation as cause of ones own
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11
Q

What is meant by fundamental error?

A
  • under emphasise situational explanations while over emphasising dispositional explanations for others but not our own behaviour
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12
Q

How is self knowledge assembled?

A
  • diverse information
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13
Q

What occurs when constructing a coherent self concept?

A
  • self schema - Markus 1977
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14
Q

Who is the key researcher when discussing self schemas?

A
  • Markus 1977
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15
Q

What happens when a schema of self is developed?

A
  • we look for info that confirms our view
    -sense of who we are can be maintained through selective memory ( biased set of autobiographical memories)
16
Q

What are the cultural differences in constructing a coherent self-concept?

A
  • independent eg western cultures: coherence through seeing self as independent, separate from others, expressed in inner thoughts and feelings
  • interdependent eg Eastern European cultures: coherence through web of social connections with others