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DPT 752 - Neurological Rehab I > Perceptual Dysfunction > Flashcards

Perceptual Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

What is perception?

A

Perception: Integration of sensory impressions into information that is psychologically meaningful.

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2
Q

What is the difference between sensation and perception?

A
  • Sensation is the appreciation of senses through special sense organs.
  • Perception is the ability to interpret these sensations accurately.
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3
Q

What are clinical indicators of perceptual dysfunction?

A
  • difficulty participating in PT
  • inability to do simple tasks
  • difficulty switching tasks
  • inability to identify objects
  • unable to follow step commands
  • activity taking a long time to complete
  • denial of disability
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4
Q

Why is it important to conduct a sensory examination before perceptual testing?

A

To ensure poor performance is not incorrectly attributed to perceptual problems rather than sensory issues.

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5
Q

What is unilateral neglect?

A
  • Inability to register and integrate stimuli and perceptions from one side of the body or environment
  • Not due to sensory loss
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6
Q

What are the subtypes of unilateral neglect?

A
  • contralesional personal space = pertaining to the body
  • contralesional peripersonal space = space within arms distance
  • contralesional extrapersonal space = space beyond arms distance
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7
Q

What is anosognosia?

A

Anosognosia: Denial or lack of awareness of the paretic extremity as belonging to the person, or denial of the presence/severity of paralysis.

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8
Q

How does anosognosia affect rehabilitation?

A

Patients may not accept their disability, compromising safety and rehabilitation until it resolves.

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9
Q

What is somatoagnosia?

A

Somatoagnosia: Impairment in body scheme, lack of awareness of body structure, and relationship of body parts to oneself or others.

  • Lesion of dominant parietal lobe, commonly seen with R hemiplegia
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10
Q

How is right-left discrimination tested?

A

Patients are asked to point to body parts on command, (e.g., ‘right hand,’ ‘left foot.’)

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11
Q

What are spatial relations disorders?

A
  • impairments in figure-ground discrimination
  • spatial relations
  • position in space
  • topographical disorientation
  • depth and distance perception
  • vertical orientation
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12
Q

Describe treatment approaches for unilateral neglect.

A
  • cueing
  • using a mirror to draw attention to the neglected side
  • prism glasses
  • eye patching
  • virtual reality/computer training
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13
Q

What is the remedial approach to treating perceptual dysfunction?

A

Focuses on patient’s deficits and attempts to retrain the impaired skills.

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14
Q

What is the compensatory approach to treating perceptual dysfunction?

A
  • uses intact behaviors to compensate for the impaired ones, and changes the environment to ensure patient safety and independence.
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15
Q

Describe treatment strategies for right-left discrimination.

A
  • avoid using ‘right’ and ‘left’
  • use labels like ‘arm with watch’
  • use red tape on right side of objects
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16
Q

Describe treatment strategies for somatoagnosia.

A

Sensory stimulation of the affected body part, patient verbally identifies body parts.

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17
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Inability to recognize or make sense of incoming information despite intact sensory capacities.

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18
Q

What are the different types of agnosias?

A

Visual, auditory, and tactile agnosia.

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19
Q

What is visual agnosia?

A

Inability to recognize familiar objects despite normal eye and optic tract function.

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20
Q

What is prosopagnosia?

A

Inability to recognize familiar faces.

21
Q

What is color agnosia?

A

Inability to identify or name colors on command.

22
Q

Describe treatment for visual agnosia.

A

Practice discrimination between colors, faces, and objects; use intact sensory modalities.

23
Q

What is auditory agnosia?

A

Inability to recognize non-speech sounds or discriminate between them.

24
Q

How is auditory agnosia tested?

A

By a speech-language pathologist; patient closes eyes and identifies the source of various sounds.

25
Q

What is tactile agnosia (astereognosis)?

A

Inability to recognize forms by handling them.

26
Q

How is tactile agnosia tested?

A

Patient identifies objects placed in hand without visual cues.

27
Q

Describe treatment for tactile agnosia.

A

Patient practices feeling various objects, noting their special characteristics, and using visual compensation.

28
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Inability to perform purposeful movements not due to strength, coordination, sensation, attention, or comprehension deficits.

29
Q

What are the types of apraxia?

A
  • ideomotor apraxia
  • ideational apraxia
30
Q

Describe ideomotor apraxia.

A

Difficulty executing motor tasks despite understanding the concept.

31
Q

Describe ideational apraxia.

A

Inability to conceptualize tasks and perform them in the correct sequence.

32
Q

What is figure-ground discrimination?

A

Inability to visually distinguish a figure from its background.

33
Q

How is figure-ground discrimination tested?

A

Ayres figure-ground test, functional tests like picking out a spoon from an unsorted array of eating utensils.

34
Q

Describe treatment for figure-ground discrimination.

A

Practice visually locating objects, use other intact senses, use markers like red tape on edges of stairs.

35
Q

What is depth and distance perception impairment?

A

Inaccurate judgment of distance, direction, and depth.

36
Q

Describe treatment for depth and distance perception impairments.

A

Education, careful walking on uneven surfaces and stairs, training for depth and distance.

37
Q

What is topographical disorientation?

A

Difficulty understanding and remembering the relationship of one location to another.

38
Q

How is topographical disorientation tested?

A

Ask patient to draw or describe familiar routes or layout of their house.

39
Q

Describe treatment suggestions for topographical disorientation.

A

Practice going from one place to another, starting with simple routes then progressing to more complex ones.

40
Q

What is vertical disorientation?

A

Distorted perception of what is vertical.

41
Q

How is vertical disorientation tested?

A

Holding a cane vertically and horizontally.

42
Q

Describe treatment for vertical disorientation.

A

Education and compensating by using tactile cues when moving through doorways and elevators.

43
Q

What is the lesion site commonly associated with unilateral neglect?

A

Inferior posterior regions of the right parietal lobe.

44
Q

What is the lesion site commonly associated with right-left discrimination impairment?

A

Parietal lobe of either side.

45
Q

What is the lesion site commonly associated with figure-ground discrimination impairment?

A

Parieto-occipital region, commonly of the right hemisphere.

46
Q

What is the lesion site commonly associated with spatial relations impairment?

A
  • Inferior parietal lobe, or
  • Parieto-occipital-temporal junction, mostly of the right side.
47
Q

What is the lesion site commonly associated with vertical disorientation?

A

Non-dominant parietal lobe.

48
Q

What is the lesion site commonly associated with auditory agnosia?

A

Dominant temporal lobe.

49
Q

What is the lesion site commonly associated with tactile agnosia?

A

Parieto-temporo-occipital lobe of either hemisphere.

DPT 752 - Neurological Rehab I (22 decks)

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