Perception Flashcards
What is perception?
A process in which PATTERNS OF STIMULI are ORGANISED and INTERPRETED
An active process using high level cognitive processes such as memory and thought
What drives bottom-up processing?
Sensory driven
What is bottom up processing?
Sensory
Processes that organise incoming information
What is top down processing driven by?
Knowledge
Experience
Expectations
What is top down processing?
Determine perception in AMBIGUOUS SETTINGS - determined by knowledge, experience and expectation
What two factors affect depth perception?
Binocular disparity (two eyes) - judging depth Monocular cues (reflect learning and past experience) - size, grain, texture,
What is the gestalt or whole prospect of visual perception?
when we receive information about a visual field the brain immediately tries to ORGANISE it and seeks meaningful groups e.g. similarity, continuity, proximity, closure, figure-ground organisation
What are the potential limitations about sensory processes related to perception?
Sensory processes limit the amount of information available to us - potentially causing the loss of important information or filtering out irrelevant information?
Who came up with the theory ‘the doors of perception’ and what is it?
Huxley
that our senses have adapted to shut out information we don’t need and leave only a special selection that is likely to be practically useful
What is the relationship between perception and attention?
selective attention caused by screening information
selective listening, inattention blindness
effects of sensory loss in the elderly
What is the issue with the effects of sensory loss (e.g. in the elderly)
Over-focus e.g. on trying to listen affects awareness of other things going on and therefore alters perception
What is the ‘assumptive world’ and the internalised model?
Your perception of any new information is dominated by past experience of the world - reality is more curated by your internal model of the world (past experience) than the incoming information
What were the effects of recovering from blindness?
No sense of depth
Also use touch as perception has he would when he was blind
What is an influence of top-down processing
context
things can be perceived very differently in different contexts
What is the Roshnahn study? (1973)
8 pseudo patients (fake patients) with the symptom of hearting voices were diagnosed with schizophrenia and hospitalised for 7-52 days (mean 19 days). They stopped reporting symptoms and were discharged with schizophrenia in remission. The challenge was how long would they be there.
This challenged expectations and changed perception of mental illness.
