Child Development - Attachment

Question 1

Who developed the theory of emerging adulthood? What is it?

Answer 1

Jeffery Arnett

There is a new transition from adolescence to adulthood where there is still a dependence on parents

Question 2

What is attachment theory?

Answer 2

Early life experiences strongly influence later adult functioning. A secure attachment from a primary caregiver from a young age forms a healthy young adult.

Question 3

What does secure attachment improve?

Answer 3

Child's self view (positive)
Social competence 
Expression and recognition of emotions
Avoidance of anxiety
Dealing with stress

Question 4

What stage of attachment occurs at 0-2 months?

Answer 4

Pre-attachment

Question 5

What stage of attachment occurs at 2-7 months?

Answer 5

attachment - in - the - making

Question 6

What stage of attachment occurs at 7- 24 months?

Answer 6

clear-cut attachment

Question 7

What stage of attachment occurs at 24+ months?

Answer 7

goal-corrected partnership

Question 8

At what age does stranger anxiety start?

Answer 8

around 10 months

Question 9

At what age does separation distress start to show?

Answer 9

around 12 months

Question 10

If a child shows no separation distress at age 12 months, what does this suggest?

Answer 10

Lack of secure attachment

Question 11

At what age does pre-attachement occur?

Answer 11

0-2 months

Question 12

At what age does attachment-in-the-making occur?

Answer 12

2-7 months

Question 13

At what age does clear-cut attachment occur?

Answer 13

7-24 months

Question 14

At what age does goal-corrected partnership occur?

Answer 14

24+ months

Question 15

What starts to occur at around 10 months of age?

Answer 15

stranger anxiety

Question 16

What are the functions of attachment?

Answer 16

Exploration and autonomy (to gain an individual autonomy)

early secure attachment eventually allows a child to leave

Question 17

Why does an infant start to explore more when they become securely attached to a primary care giver?

Answer 17

They develop trust and the caregiver becomes a secure base and encourages exploration (but sets limits)

Question 18

What was the Harlow and Harlow study about attachment? What did they find?

Answer 18

Raised orphan monkeys with fake dummy mothers

Monkeys would always pick comfort and contact

Question 19

What are the four aspects of attachments in young children?

Answer 19

Selective
Involve physical proximity seeking
Provide comfort and security
Produce separation distress

Question 20

Who measured attachment using the ‘strange situation’?

Answer 20

Ainsworth

Question 21

What did the ‘strange situation’ (Ainsworth) experiment prove?

Answer 21

Attachment is secure if a child is upset by the mother leaving, and greets her positively when she returns

Question 22

What factor of attachment is shown in the Ainsworth strange situation experiment/

Answer 22

Separation anxiety (12 months)

Question 23

In the Ainsworth strange situation experiment, what type of attachment would a child “avoids contact with mum on reunion; OK when left with stranger” show?

Answer 23

insecure (avoidant)

Question 24

In the Ainsworth strange situation experiment, what type of attachment would a child “very upset by mum leaving; on return difficult to console; both seeks comfort and resists”

Answer 24

insecure (resistant)

Question 25

In the Ainsworth strange situation experiment, what type of attachment would a child who shows lots of different behaviour and fits between the categories show?

Answer 25

Disorganised

Question 26

How does secure attachment continue into adult relationships?

Answer 26

comfortable in relationships

able to seek support from partner

Question 27

How does avoidant attachment continue into adult relationships?

Answer 27

dismissing -
has a greater sense of autonomy
tends to cut themselves off emotionally from their partner

Question 28

How would a resistant attachment continue into adult relationships?

Answer 28

fears rejection
preoccupied
strong desire to maintain closeness

Question 29

An adult who is comfortable in relationships and able to seek support from a partner shows what type of attachment in childhood?

Answer 29

secure

Question 30

An adult who is dismissive, has a greater sense of autonomy, tends to cut themselves off emotionally from their partner, shows what type of attachment in childhood?

Answer 30

Insecure avoidant

Question 31

An adult who is preoccupied, fears rejection, and has a strong desire to maintain closeness in relationships shows what type of attachment in childhood?

Answer 31

Insecure resistant

Question 32

Can attachment status change?

Answer 32

yes