Child Development - Families and Parenting Flashcards
When was the UN convention for the rights of the child?
1992
Who has parental responsibility from birth?
Mother
When does the father have parental responsibility from birth?
When the parents are married at the birth
Give some examples of what parental responsibilities involve
Providing a home for the child
Protecting and maintaining the child
Disciplining the child
Choosing and providing education for the child
Agreeing to the child’s medical treatment
What is the authoritarian style of parenting?
Strict ideas about discipline and behaviour that are not open to discussion
What is the authoritative style of parenting?
Ideas about discipline and behaviour that are explained and discussed with the children
What is the permissive style of parenting?
Relaxed ideas about discipline and behaviour
Who originally suggested the 3 styles of parenting, when and what are they?
Baumrind 1967
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
What did Maccoby and Martin suggest in 1983?
Demanding parenting (behavioural control) vs. responsiveness (psychological control)
According to Maccoby and Martin (1983) which parenting style is both demanding and responsive? why?
Authoritative :
parental acceptance and warmth, supervision and strictness, democracy and supporting autonomy
What 2 things did Steinberg’s experiment in 1992 show about authoritative parenting?
Children had better academic achievement
Children were more socially competent
According to Maccoby and Martin (1983) which parenting style is responsive but undemanding?
Permissive
According to Maccoby and Martin (1983) which parenting style is unresponsive but demanding?
Authoritarian
According to Maccoby and Martin (1983) which parenting style is unresponsive and undemanding?
Uninvolved
What are the 5 key guidelines for parents?
FLEXIBLE UNITED CLEAR CONSISTENT LOVING
(FUCCL)
What principles should be applied where behavioural control is missing?
The principles of learning theory - reward systems and time out
How many families are there in the UK?
18.7 million
How many families n the Uk have dependent children?
7.9mil
How many families in the UK are married couples?
59%
How many families in the Uk are cohabiting couples?
16%
How many families in the Uk have a lone parent? How many of these are with the mother?
25%
90%
What is the average number of children?
2
What defines a dependent child?
Living at home
unmarried
financially dependent
of certain age (dependent on country)
Has there been an increase in single parent families?
yes
Who usually has the attachment to the child at 6 months old? Does this change as the child grows?
Mother
Yes - father, grandparent, sibling etc
At what age do children become interested in peers?
12-18 months
start to look at peers
At what age do children start to elicit peer attention or imitate peers?
2 years
What 3 types of play do 2-4 year olds participate in?
Solitary
Parallel (watching a child across the room and mirroring)
Group
How does play change when children get to age 5-6?
More group play
Larger groups
Sex segregated
Boys - larger mixed age groups
How does play change when children get to 12+ years?
Cliques
Mixed sex crowds
What is sociometry?
Measurement of social interactions and social groups
What are the 4 types of sociometric status?
Popular (not many dislikes, lots of likes)
Controversial (lots of likes, lots of dislikes)
Neglected (not many likes, not many dislikes)
Rejected (not many likes, lots of dislikes)
What will a popular (high ML low LL) sociometric status cause a child to become?
Socially competent
What will a controversial (high ML and LL) sociometric status cause a child to become?
Dominant characters, sociable, aggressive
What will a neglected (low ML and LL) sociometric status cause a child to become?
Well-adjusted, shy
What will a rejected (Low ML high LL) sociometric status cause a child to become?
At risk, withdrawn, highly aggressive
