Perception

Question 1

What are bottom-up processes?

Answer 1

Sensory driven - processes that organise incoming information.

Question 2

What are top-down processes?

Answer 2

Driven by knowledge, experience and expectations. Determine perception in ambiguous settings.

Question 3

What are monocular cues?

Answer 3

Provide depth information when viewing a scene with one eye. When an observer moves, the apparent relative motion of several stationary objects against a background gives hints about their relative distance.

Question 4

What is binocular disparity?

Answer 4

Refers to the difference in image location of an object seen by the left and right eyes, resulting from the eyes’ horizontal separation (parallax). The brain uses binocular disparity to extract depth information from the two-dimensional retinal images in stereopsis.

Question 5

What are examples of monocular cues?

Answer 5

Interposition, relative size and texture gradient.

Question 6

What is Gestalt psychology?

Answer 6

The mind forms a global whole with self-organizing tendencies.

Question 7

What are Huxley’s doors of perception?

Answer 7

The function of the brain and nervous system is to protect us from being overwhelmed and confused by this mass of largely useless and irrelevant knowledge, by shutting out most of what we should otherwise perceive and remember at any given moment, leaving only that very small and special selection that is likely to be practically useful.

Question 8

What was Rosenhan’s study on being sane in insane places?

Answer 8

8 pseudopatients
Single symptom – hearing voices
Diagnosis of schizophrenia
Hospitalised 7-52 days (mean=19)
Discharged – schizophrenia in remission