Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards
The superior pelvis superior border is?
Pelvic Brim.
What is the distinction between the False pelvis and True pelvis.
False pelvis is in the ilial region.
True pelvis is below the pelvic brim.
Gastrointestinal Describe the Sigmoid colon relationship to peritoneum. Shape? absorption? Rectum size relationship.
Intraperitoneal continuation of descending colon.
“S” shaped–absorbs water only.
Rectum is bigger than sigmoid colon. very little water.
Where does Rectum begin?
How many transverse folds?
What type of muscle?
What feature at the end?
S3, it becomes retroperitoneal.
3 Transverse folds.
Circular Muscle.
Ampulla (flask shaped at end.)
What surface does the anus penetrate?
What muscles are at canal ends of anus?
What are the other 3 structures of anus?
Pierces pelvic diaphragm.
Internal anal sphincters (2/3 involuntary)
External Anal Sphincters (2/3 involuntary)
Anal columns
Anal valves and sinuses.
Pectinate line.
Urinary Where do ureters enter the pelvis? Are they retro or intro peritoneal? What structure do they enter through the bladder? What two structures cross the ureters?
Pelvic brim.
Retroperitoneal the entire length.
Enter the bladder at trigone (posterior bladder)
Vas deferens and uterine artery cross ureters.
What are the sections of the bladder?
Apex.
Fundus.
Body.
Neck.
Bladder. What is the function? What are the internal structures? What is the outer muscle? Muscle type? function? What is the exit muscle and its type?
Storage reservoir for urine.
Trigone. Neck. Mucosal folds–rugae.
Detrusor Muscle. Smooth muscle: contraction to compress bladder.
Internal urethral sphincter: Smooth muscle.
When does one develop control over the bladder?
Between 29-31 months.
Where does the urinary bladder begin for both the male and female?
Neck of urinary bladder.
What are the three regions of the male urethra?
Prostatic,
Membranous,
Penile.
What are the regions of the female urethra?
Where does it end?
Female urethra.
short. Ends in external urethral meatus.
The external urethral sphincter is controlled in what way by the para and sympathetic nerves?
Para–Relax
Symp–Contract.
Urinary Tract Infections.
What causes the infection?
What is the frequent urge to urinate called?
Why is it a retrograde infection?
Bacteria or fungi colonize the urinary tract. Usually E.coli because of close proximity of urethra and rectum.
Dysuria, urge to urinate.
The infection moves backward in the urinary tract. Ureters to renal pelvis to cortex and medulla.
Micturition Reflex and Urination
What is the urination process?
ANS–Parasympathetic activation?
Detrusor?
Coordinated by micturition reflex.
Bladder collects 200ml.
Stretch receptors in sacral spinal cord initiate.
ANS–Parasympathetic activation.
Detrusor muscle contracts and internal urethral sphincter relaxes.
Voluntary urination involves micturition reflex.
Voluntary urination relaxes external urethral sphincter.
