Lungs

Question 1

What organ do the pleura enclose?

Answer 1

The lungs

Question 2

Describe the Parietal Pleura. What four surfaces does it line? How is it innervated?

Answer 2

Line the walls of the cavity. Costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical. Sensitive to pain–sensory nerves.

Question 3

Describe the Visceral Pleura. What does it line? Does it feel pain? Does it move?

Answer 3

Attached to the surface of the lung. Insensitive to pain. Does not move

Question 4

What does surface tension have to do with the pleural cavity?

Answer 4

The serous fluid between the two layers of pleura creates surface tension to hold the two layers together. When the chest expands to exhale, parietal pleura pulls the visceral pleura outward and helps the lungs inhale especially during heavy breathing.

Question 5

What is the potential space between the pleura called? What fills this space? What else could fill this surface causing difficulty breathing?

Answer 5

Pleural Cavity. Serous Fluid. Blood, pus, air.

Question 6

What space separates the two Pleural Cavities?

Answer 6

The Mediastinum

Question 7

What is the function of a chest tube?

Answer 7

Thoracostomy. When the parietal pleura and maybe the lung is punctured, the lungs collapse. The chest tube removes air, blood, or serous fluid. To allow the lungs to return to normal volume.

Question 8

Name the two recesses of the lung. What are they? What is dangerous about them?

Answer 8

Costodiaphragmatic Costomediastinal They are dead space around the lungs. Fluid can accumulate.

Question 9

What tissue types makes up the lungs? What nervous systems innervate the lungs? What histology is in the lungs?

Answer 9

Respiratory and Nonrespiratory (Conducting gets air in there) Sympathetic and Parasynpathetic. Smooth muscle, Blood vessels, Glands.

Question 10

What sensory nerves innervate the lungs? What is special about these nerves in the lungs?

Answer 10

Vagus nerves–Associated with reflex control of respiration. (You start breathing after you pass out.)

Question 11

What is structural function of the Hilum?

Answer 11

It is where arteries and veins enter the lungs.

Question 12

In the right hilum, what type of vessels pass through? What type of bronchi enter there?

Answer 12

Pulmonary Vessels. 3 lobar bronchi. Eparterial bronchus

Question 13

In the left hilum, what type of vessels pass through? What type of bronchi enter there?

Answer 13

Pulmonary vessels. 2 Lobar bronchi.

Question 14

What is the lingula?

Answer 14

On the left lung, it is a projection of the inferior part of the superior lobe. Sometime argued as the middle lobe of the left lung.

Question 15

Right lung impressions.

Answer 15

Heart. Inferior vena cava. Superior vena cava. Azygos vein. Esophagus.

Question 16

Left lung impressions.

Answer 16

Heart. Aortic arch. Thoracic aorta. Esophagus.

Question 17

Bronchial tree is what tissue of the lungs? Name the three branches of the bronchial tree. Name the trunk.

Answer 17

Non-respiratory – conductive. Primary bronchi. Lobar bronchi. Segmental bronchi. Trachea.

Question 18

Describe the primary bronchi. Number, and orientation.

Answer 18

2 bronchi. the right is larger and more vertical.

Question 19

How many lobar bronchi are in each lobe?

Answer 19

3 on right. 2 on left.

Question 20

What type of cartilage is on the trachea? How is the cartilage structured, and why is it this way?

Answer 20

Hyaline cartilage. The cartilage is “C” shaped. This allows the esophagus to expand into the trachea during eating to allow food to pass.

Question 21

What are bronchioles? What are the last functional division of conductors called? Some gas exchange occurs here. in the alveoli. Where am I?

Answer 21

Conducting tissue only, no cartilage, smooth muscle only. Terminal bronchioles. Respiratory bronchioles.

Question 22

What is the parenchyma?

Answer 22

the functional parts of an organ in the body.

Question 23

Name the three parenchyma of the lungs.

Answer 23

Alveolar ducts. Alveolar sacs. Alveoli.

Question 24

Alveolar ducts. Alveolar sacs.

Answer 24

Airways with no wall. (Bundles of grapes) space surrounded by clusters of alveoli.

Question 25

Alveoli 3 types. Function?

Answer 25

Type I – gas exchange, thin simple squamous cell. (95%) Type II – Pneumocyte (5%) round. breaks surface tension to increase efficiency. Secretes Pulmonary Surfactant. Alveolar dust cell. Fixed macrophage to gather dust.

Question 26

What is the other name for mesothelioma? Describe its cause. And the 4 main materials that cause it.

Answer 26

The machrophages in the lungs get overwhelmed and cannot digest incoming particles in the lungs. Causes breathing disorder, cough, chest pains, lung cancer. Anthracosis–carbon. Silicosis–crystalline silica dust. Asbestosis–asbestos fibers. Smoking.