Heart Notes 2

Question 1

Left Atrium
What kind of blood does it receive?
Where does this blood come from?
What structure does it share with the Right Atrium?
What is the surface like?
What valve leaves atrium?

Answer 1

Oxygenated.
Lungs.
Fossa Ovalis.
Very smooth, almost no muscle.
Bicuspid valve.

Question 2

Left Ventricle
Where does blood go when it leaves?
What are the large (beams of meat) muscle called?
What muscles hold the bicuspid valve in place?
What valve exits the ventricle?

Answer 2

The whole body.
Trabeculae carnae.
Papillary muscles.
Aortic semilunar valve.

Question 3

What are the three parts of the pulmonary semilunar valve?

Answer 3

Anterior semilunar cusp.
Right semilunar cusp.
Left semilunar cusp.

Question 4

Describe the myocardium of the left ventricle.

Answer 4

It’s thick in order to pump the blood to the extremities of the heart.

Question 5

Name and describe the big heart muscle condition.

Answer 5

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
The muscle gets bigger and takes up space inside heart when it has resistance. Creates congestive heart failure. Muscle tissue congests the atrium of the heart.

Question 6

When the Dr. puts a stethoscope to the heart, what is he listening to?

Answer 6

The Dr. is listening to the sound of the four valves of the heart as they open and close.

Question 7

The right coronary artery has what three branches?

Answer 7

Nodal branch. Goes to auricle and pacemaker.
Marginal branch. Goes along marginal border of heart.
Posterior Interventricular branch lies on the posterior interventriuclar surface.

Question 8

What is the path of the Right coronary artery?

What does it supply?

Answer 8

The right coronary artery emerges from underneath the right auricle, travels down the border between the right atrium and ventricle and goes posterior along the same plane.
Supplies the right atrium and ventricle and right aortic sinus.

Question 9

Left coronary artery.
Compare length to right coronary artery.
What does it supply?
What are its branches?

Answer 9

Shorter than right coronary artery.
Left aortic sinus, Left atrium and ventricle (most of myocardium).
Circumflex branch.
Anterior interventricular branch (LAD).

Question 10

Coronary artery disease is what?

What does medicine do to fix it?

Answer 10

It is lipid accumulation on internal walls of coronary arteries.
Fixed by angioplasty when a balloon or stent is installed to open the vessel back up.

Question 11

Myocardial Infarction
What is it?
What happens if it doesn’t get fixed?
What are the three most common sites?

Answer 11

When blood supply to an area of the heart is blocked by an embolus (a mass traveling in the heart.)
Heart loses blood supply and the tissue will die and be replaced by fibrous scar tissue.
LAD, RCA, Circumflex.

Question 12

Describe a Coronary Artery Bypass.

Answer 12

A coronary artery is full of atherosclerotic plaque. In order to get nutrition to the heart muscle, a vein from the leg or inner chest wall cavity is transplanted and routed to bypass the artery that is blocked and attached distally from the blockage to the artery.

Question 13

There are 4 main cardiac veins. Name them.

Answer 13

Coronary Sinus
Great Cardiac Vein
Middle Cardiac
Small Cardiac

Question 14

Coronary Sinus
What is its size relative to other veins?
Where does it drain?
It has a feature other veins do not have, what is it?

Answer 14

Largest vein
Drains into right atrium
Single cusp valve.

Question 15

Great Cardiac Vein
Where does it originate and where does it go?
What feature does its path begin on?

Answer 15

It originates on the anterior surface and goes posteriorly.

The Interventricular sulcus.

Question 16

Middle Cardiac Vein
Where does it originate?
What feature does it travel along?

Answer 16

The Apex of the heart.

Posterior Interventricular sulcus.

Question 17

Small Cardiac Vein

Where does it originate

Answer 17

It originates opposite the Great Cardiac Vein.

Question 18

What is the Pacemaker of the heart?
What is special about the cells?
What does the pacemaker do?

Answer 18

Sinoatrial node (SA).
Specialized muscle fibers that polarize and depolarize in a very set pattern of beats.
Puts electrical charge in the heart and initiates the  cycle (beat of the heart).

Question 19

Where is the sinoatrial node located?
Where does its supply come from?
Where does its signal go?

Answer 19

Right atrium.
Nodal artery (branch of rt coronary artery).
Excitation spreads through walls of both atria.

Question 20

Atrioventricular System
Where is its location?
What is its function?
How is it supplied?

Answer 20

Posterior inferior interatrial septum (Near coronary sinus).
It conducts the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles. (atrioventricular bundle)
Nodal branch of RCA