Abdomen Gastrointestinal Viscera

Question 1

Name the regions of the Stomach.

Answer 1

Fundus,
Cardia
Body
Pyloric Canal

Question 2

Stomach
What is in the fundus?
What is in the Body?
What are the three sections of the Pyloric?
Name the two curvatures.

Answer 2

Full of gas. Extra area if one overeats.
Lots of glands for enzymes. HCL & Pepsin. Mucos membrane protects lining.
Pyloric antrum, Pyloric canal, Pyloric sphincter.
Greater and Lesser.

Question 3

Describe acid reflux.

Answer 3

Acid reflex food moves back through the cardia sphincter. Acid errodes walls and bleeding starts. Blood goes into the stomach. Causes anemia.

Question 4

Stomach Interior
There are mucosal specializations in the stomach. Name four and define.
Where is pain referred to?
What is in stomach fluid? 5

Answer 4

Rugae–folds when relaxed, allows expansion.
Gastric Canals–funnel food to pyloric canal.
Pits–openings into mucosal surface.
Glands–empty 2-3 liters of fluid/day into pits
Referred pain to epigastric region.
Water, elctrolytes, pepsinogen, HCl, Intrinsic factor

Question 5

Name the four arteries that feed the stomach and their parent artery.

Answer 5

Left gastric–Celiac trunk.
Right gastric–Proper hepatic artery.
Right gastro-omental–Gastroduodenal.
Posterior gastric–Splenic.

Question 6

Define Anastomose

Answer 6

2 separate arteries, and come together. Circular circulation. If one doesn’t function, the other will. (collateral circulation)

Question 7

Duodenum–vital for digestion

There are four regions. Name them and name any special features.

Answer 7

Superior Part–slightly dilated Duodenal cap, only part that is intraperitoneal.

Descending part–Major duodenal papilla (from spleen and gallbladder.)

Transverse part–longest part.

Ascending part–Duodenojejunal junction, Suspensatory ligament.

Question 8

Name the arteries of the Stomach, and its trunk

Answer 8

Celiac Trunk.
Left gastric artery--Splenic artery.
Left gastro-omental artery.
Right gastric artery.
Hepatic artery proper.
Gastro-duodenal art.
Right gastro-omental art.

Question 9

Duodenum blood supply and its aortic trunk.

Answer 9

Celiac trunk.
Gastroduodenal artery. (hepatic art)
Pacreaticoduodenal Arteries.

Question 10

Jejunum
Where is the jejunum?
What is its inner structure?
What is its function?

Answer 10

Left upper quadrant.
Large diameter lumen with thicker wall and folded lining.
Nutrient absorption.

Question 11

Illeum
Where is this located?
Structure compared to Jejunum?
Where does it end?
What is its function?

Answer 11

Right lower quadrant.
Thin walled, less prominent mucosal folds.
Opens to large intestines, through illeocecal junction.
Enzyme and water absorption.

Question 12

What are Peyer’s patches in the Ileum?

Answer 12

Lymphoid tissues for immune inflammatory response.

Question 13

What is the small intestine blood supply?

Describe the blood in the intestines.

Answer 13

Superior mesenteric artery.
Jejunal arteries
Ileal arteries.
Blood is highly oxygenated (80%). Leaves intestines to go to liver and filter.

Question 14

Colon

Name the three external features. and describe them.

Answer 14

Taeniae coli–incomplete bands of muscularis externa (runs in the middle of colon.
Sacculations (Haustra)–mini fermentation chambers. (humps of colon.) Breakdown of nutrients, H2O absorption.
Epiploic appendages–fingers of fat with no known function.

Question 15

Cecum and Appendix
What is the Cecum?
What is the connector of the ileum and colon?
What is the connector of the appendix?
What is the artery?
What is the function of the appendix?

Answer 15

It is the haustra where the Ileum and the colon connect.
Ileal papilla / Ileocecal Junction. Frenula(restricts movement of “joint”) muscular ring.
Mesoappendix.
Appendicular artery–continuation of ileocolic art.
Produces fliuds that dump into intestine.

Question 16

Appendicitis

Where is the pain referred to?

Answer 16

Referred pain to T10 dermatome (umbilical region).
Pain moves to skin over the umbilicus.
McBurney’s point is most tender.

Question 17

What is McBurney’s point?

Answer 17

It is the most tender point during appendicitis. It is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the ASIS.

Question 18

What is the inside environment of the intestine?

Answer 18

It is an outside environment. Tube in a tube. The tube opens on both ends.

Question 19

What are the main regions of the colon?

What are the minor regions?

Answer 19

Ascending colon.
Transverse colon.
Descending colon.

minor.–Sigmoid colon.
Rectum.
Anal Canal.

Question 20

Vascularization of colon.

What arteries?

Answer 20

Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.

Question 21

Liver
What is it?
What are its functions? 6

Answer 21

Largest visceral organ and largest endocrine/exocrine gland.
Bile secretion-break down fats, in all layers of liver.
Detoxification-of blood, takes digested toxins out.
Production of blood clotting proteins (platelets).
Glycogen, vitamin, iron, and copper STORAGE.
Immune system support.
Urea production w/ kidneys.

Question 22

Is the Liver Intraperotoneal or Retroperotoneal?
What ligaments anchor it?
Name the four lobes.

Answer 22

Intraperotoneal.
Falciform, Coronary, Triangular.
Right, Left, Quadrate, Caudate.

Question 23

What is the portal triad?

What is significant about the trio?

Answer 23

Hepatic duct,
Portal vein
Proper hepatic artery.
The three vessels are found everywhere in the liver.

Question 24

What is special about the liver that no other organ can do near as well?

Answer 24

The liver has the ability to heal itself. I can regrow, and even a partial transplant can result in a fully functional (small liver)–sometimes it even grows some.

Question 25

Define a common artery and proper artery

Answer 25

Common-It is going to branch.

Proper–It has already branched.