Pelvis and Hip

Question 1

What is the hip bone also called and what are the 3 bones fused to make it?

Answer 1

Innominate bone, ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 2

What are the anterior bony points of the hip?

Answer 2

Iliac crest, ASIS, inguinal ligament (pubic tubercle to ASIS), pubic tubercle, pubic symphysis

Question 3

What are the posterior bony points of the hip?

Answer 3

PSIS, sacrum, coccyx, sacral spinous process, ischial tuberosity

Question 4

What are the bony points on the anterior proximal femur?

Answer 4

Femoral head, femoral neck, greater and lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric line

Question 5

What are the bony points of the posterior proximal femur?

Answer 5

Pectineal line (under lesser trochanter), gluteal tuberosity (under greater trochanter), linea aspera (prominent elevation along the centre that attaches thigh muscles)

Question 6

What type of joint is the hip joint and what are the articulations?

Answer 6

Synovial polyaxial ball and socket with three degrees of freedom, femoral head is spheroid, covered in hyaline cartilage , thicker centrally than periphery, cartilage deficient over fovea, articulates with acetabulum, where the horseshoe shaped lunate is covered in hyaline cartilage and acetabulum deepened by labrum, non articular region covered in fat

Question 7

Which ligaments are at the hip joint?

Answer 7

Iliofemoral (anterior), pubofemoral (anterior), ischiofemoral (posterior), teres (internal)

Question 8

Describe the iliofemoral ligament, note shape, location and what it limits

Answer 8

2 bands (superior and inferior), apex from ASIS and base to intertrochanteric line, superior band limits extension and adduction, inferior limits extension and abduction

Question 9

Describe the pubofemoral ligament noting location and what it limits

Answer 9

Base from pubic eminence, apex to capsule and medial band of iliofemoral ligament and intertrochanteric line , limits extension and abduction

Question 10

Describe the ischiofemoral ligament, note location and what it limits

Answer 10

From inferior aspect of ischium to capsule of anterior part of the greater trochanter deep to iliofemoral ligament, limits extension and medial rotation

Question 11

Describe ligament teres, note location

Answer 11

Apex from a pit of fovea in head of femur and base to acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament

Question 12

Inguinal ligament connects _ to _

Answer 12

ASIS, pubic tubercle

Question 13

What keeps the hip joint stable?

Answer 13

Articular surface congruency (cup shaped acetabulum, deepened by acetabular labrum, strong capsule, vacuum effect ball and socket, oblique angle of femoral neck)

Powerful surrounding muscles

Question 14

Describe the sacroiliac joint, note movement, capsule, muscle use

Answer 14

Synovial plane joint, ridged articular surfaces, nutation (sacrum to pelvis), counternutation (sacrum backwards), capsule attached to articular margins of scarum and ilium, lined with synovial membrane, muscles moving lumbar and hip joint effect, no directly, only stabilise

Question 15

Describe the interosseous sacroiliac ligament, note shape and attachments

Answer 15

Massive, form bond between ilium and sacrum (syndesmosis fibrosis joint), from posterior aspect of aurcular (ear shaped) surface on ilium to posterior aspect of the auricular surface on sacrum

Question 16

Describe the ventral (anterior) sacroiliac ligament, note attachment, capsule and function

Answer 16

Attaches from lateral sacrum, to medial aspect of ilium, thickening of capsule, provides anterior stability

Question 17

Describe the sacrotuberous ligament, note attachments and what it limits

Answer 17

Attaches from PSIS, sacral tubercles and lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosities and ischial ramus, limits nutation of sacrum and posterior rotation of ilium

Question 18

Describe sacrospionous ligament, note attachments and what it limits

Answer 18

Apex from spine of ischium to the lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx, limits nutation of sacrum and posterior rotation of the ilium

Question 19

Describe the iliolumbar ligament, note attachments

Answer 19

Upper band - transverse process of L5 to posterior aspect of iliac crest
Lower band - transverse process of L5 to anterior sacrum and ventral sacroiliac ligament

Question 20

Describe pubic symphysis, note joint type, ligaments, movement and muscles

Answer 20

Secondary cartilaginous with an interpubic disc, superior pubic, inferior arcuate (ligaments), minimal movements, lumbar and hip muscles effect, not directly

Question 21

List degrees, muscles and limits for hip flexion

Answer 21

100-120, psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, rectus femoris, racialist, limits are soft tissue apposition and hamstring tension

Question 22

List degrees, muscles and limits for hip extension

Answer 22

15-20, gluteus maximus, adductor Magnus (extension part), bicep femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, limits - close packed ligaments

Question 23

List degrees, muscles and limits for hip abduction

Answer 23

40-45, gluteus medius and minimus, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, piriformis (during hip flexion), limits - pubofemoral and iliofemoral medial band

Question 24

List degrees, muscles and limits for adduction

Answer 24

15-30, adductor longus, brevis and Magnus, pectineus, glacialis (very weak), limits - iliofemoral lateral band and ligament teres

Question 25

List degrees, muscles and limits for lateral rotation

Answer 25

45-60, gluteus medius and minimus (anterior fibres), TFL, adductor Magnus, limits - ischiofemoral ligament and posterior capsule

Question 26

List degrees, muscles and limits for medial rotation

Answer 26

30-40, gluteus maximus, pririformis, obturator internal and external, gemelleus superior and inferior, quadratus femoris, and sartorius, limits - iliofemoral lateral band

Question 27

Which muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve

Answer 27

Pectineus, rectus femoris, sartorius, iliacus

Question 28

Which muscles are supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 28

Gluteus maximus

Question 29

Which muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal nerve

Answer 29

Gluteus medius, minimus and TFL

Question 30

Which muscles are supplied by the sciatic nerve

Answer 30

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, inferior part of adductor magnus

Question 31

Which muscles are supplied by the lumbar plexus nerve

Answer 31

Psoas major

Question 32

Which muscles are supplied by the sacral nerve

Answer 32

Pirifomis

Question 33

Which muscles are supplied by the obturator nerve

Answer 33

Adductor longus, brevis, gracialis, superior part of adductor Magnus