Pelvis and Hip Flashcards
What is the hip bone also called and what are the 3 bones fused to make it?
Innominate bone, ilium, ischium, pubis
What are the anterior bony points of the hip?
Iliac crest, ASIS, inguinal ligament (pubic tubercle to ASIS), pubic tubercle, pubic symphysis
What are the posterior bony points of the hip?
PSIS, sacrum, coccyx, sacral spinous process, ischial tuberosity
What are the bony points on the anterior proximal femur?
Femoral head, femoral neck, greater and lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric line
What are the bony points of the posterior proximal femur?
Pectineal line (under lesser trochanter), gluteal tuberosity (under greater trochanter), linea aspera (prominent elevation along the centre that attaches thigh muscles)
What type of joint is the hip joint and what are the articulations?
Synovial polyaxial ball and socket with three degrees of freedom, femoral head is spheroid, covered in hyaline cartilage , thicker centrally than periphery, cartilage deficient over fovea, articulates with acetabulum, where the horseshoe shaped lunate is covered in hyaline cartilage and acetabulum deepened by labrum, non articular region covered in fat
Which ligaments are at the hip joint?
Iliofemoral (anterior), pubofemoral (anterior), ischiofemoral (posterior), teres (internal)
Describe the iliofemoral ligament, note shape, location and what it limits
2 bands (superior and inferior), apex from ASIS and base to intertrochanteric line, superior band limits extension and adduction, inferior limits extension and abduction
Describe the pubofemoral ligament noting location and what it limits
Base from pubic eminence, apex to capsule and medial band of iliofemoral ligament and intertrochanteric line , limits extension and abduction
Describe the ischiofemoral ligament, note location and what it limits
From inferior aspect of ischium to capsule of anterior part of the greater trochanter deep to iliofemoral ligament, limits extension and medial rotation
Describe ligament teres, note location
Apex from a pit of fovea in head of femur and base to acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament
Inguinal ligament connects _ to _
ASIS, pubic tubercle
What keeps the hip joint stable?
Articular surface congruency (cup shaped acetabulum, deepened by acetabular labrum, strong capsule, vacuum effect ball and socket, oblique angle of femoral neck)
Powerful surrounding muscles
Describe the sacroiliac joint, note movement, capsule, muscle use
Synovial plane joint, ridged articular surfaces, nutation (sacrum to pelvis), counternutation (sacrum backwards), capsule attached to articular margins of scarum and ilium, lined with synovial membrane, muscles moving lumbar and hip joint effect, no directly, only stabilise
Describe the interosseous sacroiliac ligament, note shape and attachments
Massive, form bond between ilium and sacrum (syndesmosis fibrosis joint), from posterior aspect of aurcular (ear shaped) surface on ilium to posterior aspect of the auricular surface on sacrum
Describe the ventral (anterior) sacroiliac ligament, note attachment, capsule and function
Attaches from lateral sacrum, to medial aspect of ilium, thickening of capsule, provides anterior stability
Describe the sacrotuberous ligament, note attachments and what it limits
Attaches from PSIS, sacral tubercles and lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to ischial tuberosities and ischial ramus, limits nutation of sacrum and posterior rotation of ilium
Describe sacrospionous ligament, note attachments and what it limits
Apex from spine of ischium to the lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx, limits nutation of sacrum and posterior rotation of the ilium
Describe the iliolumbar ligament, note attachments
Upper band - transverse process of L5 to posterior aspect of iliac crest
Lower band - transverse process of L5 to anterior sacrum and ventral sacroiliac ligament
Describe pubic symphysis, note joint type, ligaments, movement and muscles
Secondary cartilaginous with an interpubic disc, superior pubic, inferior arcuate (ligaments), minimal movements, lumbar and hip muscles effect, not directly
List degrees, muscles and limits for hip flexion
100-120, psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, rectus femoris, racialist, limits are soft tissue apposition and hamstring tension
List degrees, muscles and limits for hip extension
15-20, gluteus maximus, adductor Magnus (extension part), bicep femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, limits - close packed ligaments
List degrees, muscles and limits for hip abduction
40-45, gluteus medius and minimus, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, piriformis (during hip flexion), limits - pubofemoral and iliofemoral medial band
List degrees, muscles and limits for adduction
15-30, adductor longus, brevis and Magnus, pectineus, glacialis (very weak), limits - iliofemoral lateral band and ligament teres
List degrees, muscles and limits for lateral rotation
45-60, gluteus medius and minimus (anterior fibres), TFL, adductor Magnus, limits - ischiofemoral ligament and posterior capsule
List degrees, muscles and limits for medial rotation
30-40, gluteus maximus, pririformis, obturator internal and external, gemelleus superior and inferior, quadratus femoris, and sartorius, limits - iliofemoral lateral band
Which muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve
Pectineus, rectus femoris, sartorius, iliacus
Which muscles are supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus maximus
Which muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius, minimus and TFL
Which muscles are supplied by the sciatic nerve
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, inferior part of adductor magnus
Which muscles are supplied by the lumbar plexus nerve
Psoas major
Which muscles are supplied by the sacral nerve
Pirifomis
Which muscles are supplied by the obturator nerve
Adductor longus, brevis, gracialis, superior part of adductor Magnus
