Glenohumeral

Question 1

Describe the proximal humerus

Answer 1

Rounded (hemisphere like), articulates with the scapula

Question 2

Describe the distal humerus

Answer 2

Flattened, widened, tilted forwards, 3 fossa, articulates with radius and ulna

Question 3

List the proximal bony features of the humerus

Answer 3

Head, anatomical neck, anatomical neck, greater and lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove

Question 4

List the mid and distal bony features of the humerus

Answer 4

Mid - deltoid tuberosity and spiral groove. Distal - medial and lateral condyles, medial and lateral supracondylar ridges, trochlea (medial), capitulum (lateral), conoid fossa (trochlear side), radial fossa (capitulum side), olecranon fossa (posterior)

Question 5

What type of joint is the glenohumeral and which movements are available?

Answer 5

Synovial multiaxial ball and socket with 3 degrees of freedom, flexion as extension, medial and lateral rotation, abduction and adduction

Question 6

What are the articulations at the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 6

The humeral head that’s larger than the glenoid fossa, held in place by glenoid labrum, covered with articular hyaline cartilage

Question 7

Describe the joint capsule, bursae and ligaments at the glenohumeral joint

Answer 7

Capsule loosely surrounds joint and has an inferior fold, strengthened by ligaments and tendons of the rotator cuff, synovial membrane has communicating and free bursae : subdeltoid, subcoracoid and subacromial. Ligaments are superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral, transverse humeral alongside accessory ligaments (coracohumeral, coracoacromial)

Question 8

Estimate degrees, list limits and list the muscles that produce flexion at G/H

Answer 8

110, anterior fibres of deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, antagonist tension

Question 9

Estimate degrees, list limits and list the muscles that produce extension at G/H

Answer 9

50-70, posterior fibres of deltoid, teres major, lattisimus Doris, triceps long head (flexion to neutral is pectoralis major), antagonist tension

Question 10

Estimate degrees, list limits and list the muscles that produce abduction at G/H

Answer 10

100-120, middle fibres of deltoid, supraspinatus (initiates), antagonist tension

Question 11

Estimate degrees, list limits and list the muscles that produce adduction at G/H

Answer 11

30-40, against pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, coracobrachialis resistance, side of body limits

Question 12

Estimate degrees, list limits and list the muscles that produce medial rotation at G/H

Answer 12

90, subscapularis, pec major, lats, anterior fibres of deltoids, teres major, antagonist tension

Question 13

Estimate degrees, list limits and list the muscles that produce lateral rotation at G/H

Answer 13

Infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior fibres of deltoid, antagonist tension

Question 14

Describe scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 14

Allows elevation of arm, occurs at g/h and scapulothoracic, 2:humerus abduction 1:scapula lateral rotation

Question 15

List the muscles supplied by the dorsal scapula nerve

Answer 15

Rhomboids, levator scapula

Question 16

List the muscle supplied by the accessory nerve

Answer 16

Trapezius

Question 17

List the muscles supplied by the medial pectoralis nerve

Answer 17

Pec major and minor

Question 18

List the muscle supplied by the lateral pectoralis

Answer 18

Pec major

Question 19

List the muscle supplied by the long thoracic nerve

Answer 19

Serratus anterior

Question 20

List the muscle supplied by the thoracodorsal nerve

Answer 20

Lat

Question 21

List the muscles supplied by the axillary nerve

Answer 21

Deltoid and teres minor

Question 22

List the muscles supplied by the musculo cutaneous nerve

Answer 22

Coracobrachialis and biceps brachii

Question 23

List the muscle supplied by the lower scapular nerve

Answer 23

Teres major

Question 24

List the muscles supplied by the upper and lower subscapular nerves

Answer 24

Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus

Question 25

List the muscle supplied by the radial nerve

Answer 25

Triceps brachii