Elbow

Question 1

What is the function of the olecranon bursa?

Answer 1

Reducing friction between the skin and olecranon process

Question 2

List the bony points at the elbow

Answer 2

Olecranon (on ulna), radial notch on ulna, coronoid process of ulna, head, neck and tuberosity of radius

Question 3

What type of joint is the humero-radial and what are the articulations?

Answer 3

Modified ball and socket, capitulum of humerus and head of radius

Question 4

What type of joint is the humero-ulnar?

Answer 4

Uniaxial synovial hinge joint capable of flexion and extension

Question 5

How many cm is the joint line below medial and lateral epicondyles?

Answer 5

2 cm medial, 1 cm lateral

Question 6

What are the articulations of the humeral-ulnar joint?

Answer 6

Trochlear of distal humerus and trochlear notch of proximal ulna

Question 7

Name and describe the ligaments at the humero-ulnar joint

Answer 7

Ulnar collateral (thick, triangular ligament from the medial epicondyle to the medial aspect of coronoid process and olecranon, has anterior, intermediate and posterior portions), radial collateral (single, triangular, thickened band from lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament)

Question 8

Which muscles flex the elbow?

Answer 8

Brachialis, biceps brachii and brachioradialis

Question 9

Which muscles extend the elbow?

Answer 9

Triceps brachii, anconeus

Question 10

What type of joint is the superior radio-ulnar and what are the articulations?

Answer 10

Synovial pivot, head of radius and radial notch of ulna

Question 11

Which two ligaments are at the superior radio-ulnar joint?

Answer 11

Annular (stabilises proximal RUJ, inferior diameter smaller, inner surface lined by fibrocartilage)
Quadrate (inferior border of radial notch to the neck of the radius)

Question 12

What type of joint is the middle radio-ulna?

Answer 12

Fibrous syndesmosis with interosseous membrane (2 layers in opposite directions, attachment for deep muscles and stabilises RUJ)

Question 13

What type of joint is the inferior radio-ulnar and what are the articulations?

Answer 13

Uniaxial synovial pivot, convex lower head of ulna and concave ulnar notch of distal radius with a joint capsule

Question 14

Which muscles perform pronation, estimate degrees

Answer 14

80-90, pronator teres and quadratus and brachioradialis

Question 15

Which muscles perform supination, estimate degrees

Answer 15

90, brachialis, biceps brachii

Question 16

Which muscles are supplied by the radial nerve?

Answer 16

Brachioradialis, triceps brachii, anconeus, supinator

Question 17

Which muscle is supplied by the median nerve?

Answer 17

Pronator teres

Question 18

Which muscle is supplied by the anterior interosseous nerve?

Answer 18

Pronator quadratus

Question 19

Which muscles are supplied by the musculo-cutaneous nerve?

Answer 19

Brachialis, biceps brachii