Pelvis and Hip

Question 1

Pelvis made of

Answer 1

two innominates (ilium, ischium, pubis)
Sacrum

Question 2

Pelvis Functions

Answer 2

Attachment point for many muscles of the LE and trunk

Transmits weight of the upper body/trunk to ischial tuberosities (sitting) or LEs (standing/walking)

Supports organs of bowel, bladder & reproduction

Question 3

Characteristic Functions of the Hip Joint

Answer 3

• Stability during standing/walking/running
• Femoral head stabilized in deep socket (plus labrum & capsule)
• Many large/forceful muscles accelerate/decelerate the body from the hip
• Hip muscle weakness has profound affect on mobility/stability of the entire body

Question 4

Femur
Provides long lever for

Answer 4

torque/power & long stride

Question 5

Femur
Neck permits spacing to avoid

Answer 5

bony impingement against pelvis

Question 6

Neck subject to large _______
Neck reinforced by thick ______
Neck is frequent site of _______

Answer 6

tensile and compressive forces
cortical and trabecular bone
fractures

Question 7

Course of femur moves

Answer 7

medially for narrow spacing of feet

Question 8

Femur is ________ anteriorly
__________ posteriorly

Answer 8

convex
concave

Question 9

Shape of femoral shaft
_______ tension w/ ________ compression allows more force dissipation

Answer 9

anterior, posterior

Question 10

Femur able to carry

Answer 10

greater loads without failure

Question 11

Angle of Inclination at birth

Answer 11

165-170

Question 12

Normal Angle of inclination in adulthood

Answer 12

125

Question 13

Normal Angle of inclination in elderly

Answer 13

120

Question 14

Coxa Varum
______ of normal
Presentation

Answer 14

<125
Adducted femur causes
- genu valgum
pronated foot
shorter ipsilateral LE

Question 15

Coxa Valgum
________ of normal
Presentation

Answer 15

> 125
Abducted femur causes
- genu varum
supinated foot
longer ipsilateral LE

Question 16

Normal Anteversion

Answer 16

15

Question 17

Infants born with _____ anteversion

Answer 17

40

Question 18

Growth, weight bearing & physical activity typically reduce it to≈

Answer 18

15 by age 16

Question 19

An exaggerated internal rotation of the LE during gait MAY be a compensation of

Answer 19

excessive anteversion – to improve hip congruency

Question 20

In toeing gait increases the moment arm of

Answer 20

hip abductors (which can be a response to reduced abduction torque with excessive anteversion)

Question 21

Excessive femoral anteversion of ____ is common with CP

Answer 21

25-45

Question 22

In-toeing typically persists in

Answer 22

ambulatory persons with CP

Question 23

Spasticity or tightness of ______ and ______may contribute to their in-toeing (CP)

Answer 23

hip int rotators & adductors

Question 24

If greater anteversion continues into adulthood, increased risk of:

Answer 24

Hip Dislocation

Articular Incongruence

Increased joint contact stress

Degeneration of articular cartilage

Degeneration of acetabular labrum

Result: increase risk of OA

Question 25

Ligamentum Teres is a protective sheath for

Answer 25

acetabular artery, supplying femoral head of neonate

Question 26

Primary circulation for hip joint is

Answer 26

circumflex arteries

Question 27

Ligamentum teres May also stabilize fetal hip when acetabulum is

Answer 27

shallow & vulnerable to dislocation

Question 28

Acetabulum faces

Answer 28

obliquely anterior, lateral, & inferior

Question 29

Lunate Surface

Answer 29

horseshoe shape surface of rim that contacts femoral head

Question 30

Rim incomplete inferiorly:

Answer 30

60-70° acetabular notch

Question 31

Rim closed by

Answer 31

Transverse Acetabular Ligament

Question 32

- Acetabular Labrum - Like the shoulder,

Answer 32

Strong Flexible Fibrocartilage ring Surrounding most of the acetabulum Except @ transverse acetabular ligament spanning the acetabular notch

Question 33

Labrochondral Junction: where the labrum blends with the

Answer 33

articular cartilage

Question 34

Labrum deepens the socket by

Answer 34

5 mm

Question 35

labrum grips the

Answer 35

femoral head

Question 36

Labrum Forms a mechanical suction-seal of

Answer 36

negative intra-articular pressure

Question 37

Labrum Forms fluid seal of synovial fluid lubricant to

Answer 37

lubricate articular cartilage

Question 38

Labrum is poorly

Answer 38

vascularized - so limits healing

Question 39

Labrum well supplied by

Answer 39

afferent nerves – so feels proprioception & pain

Question 40

Labrum often involved in

Answer 40

Degenerative OA Acute trauma Developmental hip dysplasia Repeated femoral-acetabular impingement