Ankle 5

Question 1

Metatarsophalangeal Joints (MTP)
Joint type

Answer 1

condyloid synovial joints
- more degrees of motion

Question 2

Metatarsophalangeal Joints (MTP)
Movements

Answer 2

DF/PF and abduction/adduction

Question 3

MTP
DF>PF: Important in gait to permit

Answer 3

foot to pass over toes

Question 4

Stability provided by

Answer 4

joint capsule, plantar plates, collateral ligaments, and deep transverse metatarsal ligament

Question 5

MTP
Allow WB foot to rotate over toes through

Answer 5

MTP extension (metatarsal break)

Question 6

MTP
Plantar plate protects

Answer 6

metatarsal heads during WB

Question 7

MTP
Sesamoid bones add protection to

Answer 7

plantar surface of great toe’s metatarsal head

Question 8

Sesamoid bones can be inflamed in people who do alot of

Answer 8

flexion –> dancers

Question 9

IP Joint Function

Answer 9

• Smooth weight shift to opposite foot in gait
• Help maintain stability by pressing against the ground in standing

Question 10

Paralysis of PFs
Cannot ____
Gait is ______
Stair climbing is ______
Running and jumping are all but _______

Answer 10

rise on toes
severely impaired
awkward and slow
but impossible

Question 11

Tibial Nerve Severance

Answer 11

unable to PF

Question 12

Isolated Paralysis of TA

Answer 12

DF possible, but with limited range

Question 13

Calcaneal Varus

Answer 13

> 90 deg

will have excessive wear on lateral sides of shoes

Question 14

Calcaneus Valgus

Answer 14

<90°; flat feet: collapse of medial longitudinal arch, medial malleolus is closer to the ground

Question 15

Pes Planus

Answer 15

• Dropped/abnormally low medial longitudinal arch
  
  • Rearfoot valgus posture
  • Forefoot abduction
  • Callus on the adjacent skin

Question 16

Pes Planus
Negatively impacts

Answer 16

windlass effect

Question 17

Pes planus causes

Answer 17

• Joint laxity within the midfoot or proximal forefoot regions
• Overstretched, torn, or weakened plantar fascia, spring ligament, and TP tendon

Question 18

Pes Planus
Can Develop

Answer 18

plantar fasiciitis, TP Tendonitis, Tarsal tunnel syndrome, medial knee pain, back pain

Question 19

Pes Planus
Lower Extremity

Answer 19

pronated foot, IR tibia, genu valgus, IR femur

Question 20

Pes Cavus
Less force absorption when

Answer 20

walking, running, other loading activities

Question 21

Pes Cavus
Abnormally raised ______
Rearfoot _______
Forefoot _______

Answer 21

medial longitudinal arch
Varus (inversion)
Valgus (eversion)

Question 22

Foot and ankle problems associated with pescavus

Answer 22

• Hammer toes (bent toes) or claw toes (toes clenched like a fist)
• Calluses on the metatarsal heads, side or heel excessive pressure on toes

Question 23

Claw Toe
Hyperextension of ____
Flexion ______
Often with _____

Answer 23

MTP
PIP and DIP of all toes
Pes cavus

Question 24

Hammer Toe
Hyperextension of ______
Flexion of ______
Usually _______

Answer 24

MTP joint, DIP
PIP
2nd toe

Question 25

Equinus Foot

Answer 25

- A congenital deformity of the foot in which the sole is permanently flexed so that walking is done on the toes without touching the heel to the ground “equinus” = horse.

Question 26

Equinus Foot Shortened Muscles

Answer 26

posterior compartment

Question 27

- Metatarsus Adductor - Metatarsal Bones are turned toward

Answer 27

the middle of the body

Question 28

Metatarsus Adductor

Answer 28

crowdedness of the toes

Question 29

Tophi

Answer 29

Crystal deposits in tissues around joint Hyperuricemia

Question 30

Tophi 1st MTPJ is

Answer 30

1st affected in gout Pain, inflammation, swelling

Question 31

Hallux Valgus (Bunions) Associated with

Answer 31

Excessive adduction of the 1st metatarsal

Question 32

Hallux Valgus Pain on

Answer 32

medial aspect of toe

Question 33

Corns Smaller than ______ Hard center surrounded by _____

Answer 33

calluses inflamed skin

Question 34

Corns can be hard or soft Hard example Soft example

Answer 34

dorsum of foot (hard) Soft (between 4th and 5th)

Question 35

Calluses

Answer 35

- Larger and harder - Rarely painful - Found on area that bear weight

Question 36

Hallux Limitus “Rigidus” Inability to bend great toe leading to

Answer 36

shortened toe off

Question 37

Hallux limitus "rigidus" affects

Answer 37

windlass effect

Question 38

Hallux Limitus “Rigidus” toe off carried out by

Answer 38

lateral 4 toes

Question 39

Hallux limitus rigidus can lead to walking

Answer 39

- on the outer surface of foot OR with the foot pointed outward and “rolling over” the medial arch of the foot

Question 40

Walking requires about

Answer 40

45 degrees of extension at the first MTPJ

Question 41

- Anterior Compartment Syndrome - Involves

Answer 41

TA, EHL, and EDL

Question 42

Anterior Compartment Syndrome _________ within mm May cause swelling within _________ Can lead to _______ of muscles and nerves

Answer 42

hematoma anterior compartment necrosis

Question 43

Anterior Compartment Syndrome Can eventually lead to _____ Seen after _______________

Answer 43

foot drop prolonged march in armed forces personnel