Lumbar Part 3

Question 1

Multifidus
Fills most of the concave space between the

Answer 1

spinous and transverse processes

Question 2

multifidus has relatively large

Answer 2

CSA

Question 3

Multifidus
Important stabilizer of the

Answer 3

lumbar spine and lumbosacral junction

Question 4

Thoracolumbar fascia surrounds

Answer 4

erector spinae and multifidus

Question 5

Thoracolumbar Fascia
Attached to

Answer 5

latissimus dorsi,
gluteus maximus,
internal and
external obliques, and
transverse abdominis

Question 6

Tension on fascia compresses abdominal contents; in synergy with abdominal muscles creates a

Answer 6

corset effect around the trunk

Question 7

The corset effect around the trunk increases

Answer 7

hydraulic pressure, which is important for stabilization

Question 8

Fascia is

Answer 8

hard to stretch

Question 9

Fascia stabilizes and adapts to

Answer 9

posture

Question 10

Sacrohorizontal angle is approximately

Answer 10

40 deg
angle at top of sacrum

Question 11

Shearing forces of L5 on S1 increased with

Answer 11

anterior pelvic tilt

Question 12

shearing forces of L5 on S1 decreased with

Answer 12

posterior pelvic tilt

Question 13

Anterior slip of L5 on S1 (spondylolisthesis) is limited by:

Answer 13

Orientation of S1 apophyseal facets

• Capsule of apophyseal joints

L5/S1 IVD

ALL

• Iliolumbar Ligamentserector spinae also help to keep L5 in line

Question 14

Spondylolysis

Answer 14

Caused by failure/fracture of the pars interarticularis

Question 15

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 15

anterior slippage of vertebra

Question 16

Which motion should be avoided in spondylolisthesis

Answer 16

Extension

Question 17

Transverse Abdominis: primarily a stabilizer, although EMG analysis found it contracts during

Answer 17

trunk axial rotation

Question 18

Rectus Abdominus
Biomechanical purpose of tendinous intersections

Answer 18

prevent bowstringing to maintain mechanical advantage and produce more force

Question 19

Iliopsoas fuses distal to _________ to attach to _______

Answer 19

inguinal ligament
lesser trochanter

Question 20

QL works with psoas major to provide excellent

Answer 20

vertical stability of the lumbar spine

Question 21

QL is only muscle that can

Answer 21

elevate the pelvis (hip hiking)

Question 22

QL Can raise the lower limb during swing phase to clear the foot from the floor in people who have

Answer 22

paraplegia

Question 23

Sacrum
Base faces ________ and apex ________

Answer 23

superiorly, inferiorly

Question 24

Sacrum
Childhood: 5 separate vertebrae joined by a

Answer 24

cartilaginous membrane

Question 25

SI Joint in childhood is a

Answer 25

synovial joint

Question 26

SI Joint between puberty and adulthood

Answer 26

transforms to a modified synarthrodial joint and the articular surfaces change from smooth to rough

Question 27

SI joint in adulthood

Answer 27

joint capsule becomes more fibrotic, less pliable, and less mobile

Question 28

Ossification or fused SI joints occurs in

Answer 28

10% of people by their 70’s (more common in men than women)

Question 29

superficial muscles of posterior trunk

Answer 29

Traps

Lats

Rhomboids

Levator

Serratus anterior

Question 30

intermediate muscles of posterior trunk

Answer 30

Serratus posterior superior/inferior

Question 31

deep muscles of posterior trunk

Answer 31

• Erector spinae group
  Longissimus
  Iliocostalis
  Spinalis
• Transversospinal group
  Seminspinalis
  Multifidus
  Rotators
• Short segmental group
  Interspinalis
  Intertransversarius

Question 32

Set 2: muscles of anterior-lateral trunk

Answer 32

Rectus abdominus

Internal/external oblique

Transverse abdominus

Question 33

Set 3: additional muscles

Answer 33

Iliopsoas

QL