Gait Deviations Flashcards
Foot slap orIC with theground is made by theforefoot followed by theheel region
DF Weakness, e.g., commonperoneal nervepalsy Distalperipheralneuropathy
IC by forefoot, but the heelnevermakes contact withtheground during stance
Heel pain, e.g., calcaneal fractureor plantar fasciitis
PF contracture(pesequines) orspasticity of PF, e.g., UMNL
Premature elevation of the heel in mid or terminal stance (bouncing gait)
Lack of ankle dorsiflexion, e.g., Congenital or acquired muscular tightness of ankle PF
Supinated foot
pes cavus, limited calcaneal eversion, short limb
Pronated Foot
pes planus, decreased ankle DF, long limb
Excessive Inv and PF during swing and at IC
Pes equinovarus deformity caused by spasticity of the PF and Inv, e.g., UMNL
Ankle PF during swing and dragging of the toes, typically called drop foot
Weakness of DF and/or pes equinus deformity, e.g., common peroneal nerve palsy
Vaulting: leads to excessive vertical movement of the body
Contralateral LE impairments that reduces hip flexion, knee flexion, or ankle DF during swing
Excessive foot angle during stance = toeing-out
retroversion of the neck of the femur, tight hip ERs, weak hip IRs
Reduction of the normal foot angle during stance = toeing-in
excessive femoral anteversion, spastic hip add or IRs, weak hip ERs
Rapid extension of the knee (knee extensor thrust) after initial contact
Spasticity of the quadriceps, e.g., UMNL
Knee remains extended during the loading response, but there is no extensor thrust
Weak quadriceps, e.g., femoral nerve palsy
Knee pain, e.g., arthritis
Genu recurvatum during stance
Knee extensor weakness, Achilles tendon
contracture, habit
Varus thrust during stance
Laxity of the joint structures of the knee, e.g., traumatic injury
Flexed position of the knee during stance and lack of knee extension in terminal swing
Knee flexion contracture >10 degrees
Hamstring overactivity (spasticity), e.g., UMNL
Knee pain and joint effusion, e.g., trauma or arthritis
Reduced or absent knee flexion during swing
Spasticity of knee extensors, e.g., UMNL
Knee extension contracture
Immobilization or surgical fusion
Knee is kept in flexion during stance despite the knee having normal ROM on examination
Pes calcaneus deformity, PF weakness, and hip flexion contracture
Knee hyperextension (genu recurvatum) from IC topre-swing
PF contracture (pesequinusdeformity) or spasticity of PF
antalgic gait
painful stance LE
Excessive knee flexion in swing
Lack of ankle dorsiflexion of the swing limb or a short stance limb
Backward trunk lean during loading response
weak hip extensors
Lateral trunk lean toward the stance LE(compensated Trendelenburg gait) and is referred to as a waddling gait if bilateral
Marked weakness of the hip abductors, e.g., developmental hip dysplasia
Hip pain, e.g., arthritis
Excessive downward drop of the contralateral pelvis during stance. (+ve Trendelenburg sign if present during single-limb standing)
Mild weakness of the gluteus medius of the stance limb
Forward bending of the trunk during mid and terminal stance, as the hip is moved over the foot
Hip flexion contracture or hip pain, e.g., hip osteoarthritis
Excessive lumbar lordosis in terminal stance
Hip flexion contracture, e.g., Arthritis
Trunk lurches backward and toward the unaffected stance limb from heel off to mid swing
hip flexor weakness
Hip circumduction: semicircle movement of the hip during swing
hip flexor weakness
Forward bending of the trunk during the loading response
weak quadriceps
Forward bending of the trunk during mid and terminal stance
pes equinus deformity
Excessive hip and knee flexion during swing
Often due to lack of ankle DF of the swing limb
Functionally or anatomically short contralateral stance LE
Hip circumduction during swing
Lack of shortening of the swing limb secondary to reduced hip flexion, reduced knee flexion, and/or lack of ankle dorsiflexion
Hip hiking (elevation of the ipsilateral pelvis during swing)
Lack of shortening of the swing limb secondary to reduced hip flexion, reduced knee flexion, and/or lack of ankle dorsiflexion
Functionally or anatomically short stance limb
Scissors gait
Due to spastic adductor muscles, e.g., spastic paraplegia
Parkinsonian Gait
Flexed neck, trunk, and knees. Shuffling or short rapid steps. arm held stiffly
