peds Flashcards
what is a normal APGAR score?
8-10
APGAR is checked a ___ min after birth, ____ minutes, then _____ minutes only if needed
1, 5, 10
when does crawling typically occur?
3-9 months
when does creeping (quadruped) typically occur?
9-10 months
what can a baby do at 3 months?
prone on elbows
can lift head in prone
belly crawl
tummy time is important
what can a baby do at 3-4 months?
sidlying
what can a baby do at 5-6 months?
prone to supine
pull to sit without head lag
sitting with UE support
feet to mouth
what can a baby do at 6-7 months
supine-prone
quadruped
independent ring sitting (no UE needed)
transfers objects between hands
trunk rotation in sitting
what can a baby do at 9-10 months?
quadruped creeping
cruises to sideways
plantigrade, pulls to stand
improving grasping, pincer
what can a baby do at 10-15 months
begins to walk unassisted
transitions in and out of squatting
controls grasp and release
stacks two cubes
whats the poem to remember what a baby can do through the months?
3 i lift my head
4 lay on my side
5 prone to supine, get out of tummy time
6 i sit upright
7 quadruped
8 cant wait to cruise
creep,cruise, and stand alone at 9
then walk and stack two cubes (10-15)
a baby hears a sudden loud and harsh noise and responds by extension and abduction of UEs and starts crying. what reflex is this, when does it start and when is it integrated?
startle reflex
onset: birth
integrated: persists
a baby’s head is flexed (or extended), and the baby responds by flexing UEs and extension of LEs (or extension of UEs and flexion of LEs). what reflex is this?
STNR
onset 4-6 mo
integrated 8-12 mo
i press the ball of a baby’s foot and she maintains flexion of the toes. what reflex is this and when is it integrated?
plantar grasp
onset: 28 wks gestation
integrated: 9 months
99999 (5 toes)
i press a baby’s palm and she maintains flexion of her fingers. what is this reflex, when is the onset and when i it integrated?
palmar grasp
onset: birth
integrated: 4-6 months
i let a baby fall back from sitting position. she extends and abducts UEs and cries, then flexes and adducts her harms across her chest. what reflex is this, when is the onset and when is it integrated?
Moro
onset: 28 wks of gestation
integrated: 5-6 months
i put the baby in prone or supine. in prone, she had increased flexor tone of all limbs and in supine she had increased extensor tone of all limbs. what reflex is this, when is the onset and when is it integrated?
symmetrical tonic labyrinthine (TLR)
onset: birth
integrated: 6 mo
a baby has contact made to the ball of her foot in upright standing. she does rigid extension of the LEs. what reflex is this, when is the onset and when is it integrated?
positive supporting
onset: birth
integrated: 6 mo
i poke the sole of a baby’s foot with a pin. her toes extend, foot dorsiflexes, and LE flexes uncontrollably.
what reflex is this, when is the onset and when is it integrated?
flexor withdrawal
onset: 28 wks gestation
integrated: 1-2 mo
i poke the ball of a baby’s foot with a pin while her LE is fixed in extension. her opposite LE flexes, then adducts and extends
what reflex is this, when is the onset and when is it integrated?
crossed extension
onset: 28 wks gestation
integrated: 1-2 mo
i stroke the side of a baby’s cheek and she turns toward me and opens her mouth.
what reflex is this, when is the onset and when is it integrated?
rooting
onset: 28 wks gest
integrated: 3 mo
3 looks like a mouth
i grasp the baby’s forearm and pull up from supine into sitting. her UEs totally flex. what reflex is this, when is the onset and when is it integrated?
traction
onset: 28 wks gest
integrated: 2-5 months
memory trick: for true joint disTRACTION, you need to use 25# of force
i rotate the baby’s head to one side. she does a bow and arrow position with her UEs which prevents her from rolling to the side. what reflex is this, when is the onset and when is it integrated?
asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
onset: birth
integrated: 4-6 mo
which GMFCS level:
patient will walk without restrictions but will have limitations in more advanced motor skills
1
which GMFCS level:
patient will walk with AD with limitations in walking outdoors and in the community
3
which GMFCS level:
patient will walk without AD with limitations in walking outdoors and in the community
2
which GMFCS level:
patient self mobility will be severely limited, even with the use of an assistive tech, requires caregiver.
5
which GMFCS level:
patient self mobility will be severely limited, children are transported or use of power mobility outdoors and in the community
4
what condition results from prolonged asymmetrical pressure on the premature skull?
plagiocephaly
creates a parallelogram shape, whichever side is pointing out more anteriorly is the side of plagiocephaly
torticollis is named based on which side the SCM is affected. T/F?
T
If i have R torticollis, my head is bent the to ___ and rotated ____
R
L
for a patient with down syndrome, what movements should I avoid?
forceful neck flexion and rotation: laxity of the odontoid ligament (AA joint could sublux)
hyperextension of knees and elbows during WB
for a patient with autism, how can i help them stay interested during PT?
repetitive behaviors, routine, play into their interests, give simple commands
pts with autism may be sensory ______ or sensory ________
seeking, avoiding
what condition could you see enlarged calves and toe walking?
duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
this is actually pseudohypertrophy: adipose tissue in calves
do boys or girls normally get duchenne’s
boys
what is a very important thing to keep in mind when doing PT with a pt with duchennes?
don’t over fatigue them! this can make things worse
what’s gowers sign
when you have to push on your legs to stand up
seen in duchennes
what disease is more common in males, Schmorl’s Nodes found, pain with thoracic extension and rotation, increased thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis? how is it treated?
Scheuermann Disease
treatment: Schroth Method, stretch pecs, strengthen thoracic extensors
Sch Sch Sch
what are two pediatric injuries to the brachial plexus?
Erb’s and Klumpke’s Palsy
what condition is caused by stretching head downward, causing loss of abduction and lateral rotation of the shoulder, resulting in waiter’s tip deformity?
Erb’s C5-C6
what condition is caused by stretching of arm overhead, causing paralysis of the intrinsic of the hand, resulting in claw hand ?
Klumpke’s C8-T1
pulling a klump of grass
