Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

npte study decks > cardio exam > Flashcards

cardio exam Flashcards

1
Q

what can S3 heart sound indicate? what are a few potential signs and symptoms?

A

CHF, ventricular filling

u may see edema, cold hands and feet!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

if someone has an active occluded artery, should you do any exercise?

A

NO ACTVITY because u don’t wanna increase BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is Heparin and what does it treat?

A

an anticoagulant used to treat DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

For pleural pain, pain is alleviated by laying a what side?

A

lay on the affected side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

reduced CO leading to a backup of fluid in the lungs producing SOB and coughing are signs of what?

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

S4 sound can incidate?

A

MI or HTN

ventricular filling and atrial contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

differing BP reading in both arms, drop in diastolic BP, extremities are cold to touch, abdominal bulge are signs of what?

A

ruptured aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does Digitalis treat and how does it work?

A

treats CHF, lowers HR and increases strength of contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what’s the normal respiratory rate?

A

12-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how can I drain posterior segments of lower lobes?

A

pt lies on abdomen with pillows under hips and legs and the foot of bed is elevated to 18 inches. percussion is over the lower ribs close to the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

during acute exercise, INITIAL increase in HR is d/t withdrawal of ____ and not stimulation of _____

A

PNS, SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the SNS causes RR to ______ d/t stimulation of beta 2 receptors

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dyspnea, cyanosis of lips, cramping of calf muscle are all signs of…

A

signs of respiratory distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In COPD, PaCO2 is __________, PaO2 is _________, pH is ___________

A

increased, decreased, decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HR * SBP =

A

RPP (measures metabolic demand of the heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CO =

A

HR * SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

does MAP increase with exercise?

A

yes, linearly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

does systolic BP increase with exercise? Does diastolic?

A

systolic increases, diastolic remains fairly constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

should you do a warm up for the 6MWT?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

normal BP

A

less that 120/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

elevated BP is …

A

120-129 and diastolic less than 80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

stage 1 HTN is

A

systolic 130-139 or diastolic 80-89

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stage 2 HTN is…

A

systolic at least 140 or diastolic at least 90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the numbers for a hypertensive crisis?

A

180 systolic or above and/or diastolic of 120 or above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is VO2 predictive of?

A

aerobic capacity

volume of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when VO2 reaches steady state during exercise, the ATP demand is _____ _________

A

met aerobically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

in a high altitude environment, the body makes more _____s to account for the decreased level of oxygen

A

RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

if you go somewhere with high altitude, what happens to BP, CO, HR, and SV?

A

BP increases
CO increases
HR increases
SV remains unchanged

once acclimated, BP and CO will become normal, HR stays increased, SV decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

will venous return increase or decrease with aquatic therapy?

A

increase, d/t hydrostatic pressure exerted by water

30
Q

what happens to HR, BP, and VO2 during aquatic therapy?

A

all decrease

31
Q

what happens to CO and SV during aquatic therapy?

A

they increase

32
Q

what happens to work of breathing during aquatic therapy?

A

increases

33
Q

what happens to vital capacity during aquatic therapy?

A

decreases

34
Q

what do beta blockers do to HR and contractility? what conditions are they used for?

A

decrease them

pts with HTN and CAD

35
Q

what scale do you use for exercise prescription for people on beta blockers d/t decreased HR?

A

RPE (scale is 6-20)

SHVEM:
13 - somewhat hard
15 - hard
17 - very hard
19 - extremely hard
20 - max exertion

36
Q

the best way to measure change in fitness from pre and post training is to measure…

A

the time it takes for the HR to return to baseline, quicker it returns to baseline the more fit

37
Q

what are the auscultation landmarks

A

A P
T M
Aortic: 2nd IC space, R sternal border
Pulmonic: 2nd IC space, left sternal border
Tricuspid: 4th IC space, left sternal border
Mitral: 5th IC space, midclavicular line

38
Q

what heart sound is “lub” associated with?

A

S1, closure of mitral and tricuspid valves, onset of systole

39
Q

what heart sound is “dub” associated with?

A

S2, closure of aortic and pulmonary valves, onset of diastole

40
Q

which heart sound is the loudest at the base (top) of the heart?

A

S2

41
Q

what heart sound is loudest at the apex (bottom) of the heart?

A

S1

42
Q

what condition is an increase in both the RBCs and the hemoglobin, increased blood viscosity, resulting in HTN?

A

polycythemia

43
Q

what can be used to determine myocardial O2 demand of a patient at the onset of chest pain symptoms?

A

rate product pressure (RPP)

44
Q

at what point are S1 and S2 heard equally loud?

A

Erb’s point (in between base and apex)

45
Q

what heart sound is associated with early systole?

A

S1 “lub”

46
Q

what heard sound is associated with late diastole?

A

S4 (abnormal)

47
Q

what heart sound is associated with early diastole?

A

S3 (abnormal)

48
Q

what heart sound is associated with late systole?

A

S2 “dub”

49
Q

the SA node initiates _____________

A

depolarization

50
Q

the AV node passes ________ to ventricles

A

depolarization

51
Q

the P wave on an ECG represents ______ __________

A

atrial depolarization

52
Q

the QRS complex on an ECG represents

A

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

53
Q

the T wave on an ECG represents

A

ventricular repolarization

54
Q

depolarization =

A

contraction

55
Q

repolarization =

A

relaxation

56
Q

how to find the HR on a 6 second ECG strip?

A

count the R waves

57
Q

which AV heart block is there a delay in conduction?

A

1st degree (P-R interval is 1 large box)

58
Q

which AV heart block is there a dropped QRS but it is expected (PR interval gets progressively longer)? What is the correct response?

A

2nd degree/Mobitz Type 1

lower intensity of exercises and monitor ECG

59
Q

which AV heart block is there an intermittently dropped QRS and no pattern can be discerned? What is the correct response?

A

2nd degree/Mobitz type II

stop exercise!

60
Q

which AV heart block is the atrial rate independent of the ventricular rate, and there is no relation at all of the P-R intervals? what should you do?

A

third degree AV block, call 911!

61
Q

what are the main symptoms of L sided HF?

A

Lung problems, pulmonary edema

62
Q

what are the main sx of R sided HF?

A

peripheral edema

63
Q

what is cor pulmonale?

A

R ventricle failure

64
Q

myocardial ________ is when there is a decrease in blood supply and a ST segment depression of 2mm and higher?

A

ischemia (loss of blood)

65
Q

myocardial _________ is when there is a complete occlusion of blood supply and cell death, ST segment is elevated 1mm and higher?

A

infarction

66
Q

which arrhythmia is the saw tooth pattern?

A

atrial flutter

67
Q

which arrhythmia doesn’t let the T wave fully finish?

A

PAC

68
Q

are the supra ventricular arrhythmias (PAC, atrial tach, atrial flutter, and Afib) 911 situations?

A

no

69
Q

palpitations, SOB, and fatigue are sx of what?

A

afib

if exercising stop and report to physician

70
Q

is ventricular tachycardia and emergency situation?

A

yes

71
Q

PVCs that occur ___ or more in a row is called ventricular tachycardia

A

3

call 911

72
Q

if you see a unifocal PVC while a pt is exercising, what should you do?

A

keep exercising at a lower intensity

consult with physician is not required here

npte study decks (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions