Pedriatric Exam Flashcards
What should a 8 month be able to do
Bears weight on legs when supported
Sits unsupported
Releases objects at will
Reaches persistently for toys out of reach
Increasing anxiety over loss of parent
Combines syllables bit, does not ascribe meaning to them ( dada)
When does a infant develop object permanence
Between 7-9 months
What is true of diabetes 1
No insulin is produced
Goal of HGbA1C of 7
What are the 3 most common signs of newly diagnosed diabetes
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
What is DKA
The most severe manifestation of metabolic de compensation induced by insulin deficiency
It develops as a consequence of the failure to recognize and treat early signs of diabetes
What are signs and symptoms of DKA
As the clinical manifestations of untreated diabetes progresses from weight loss, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss and dehydration, additional late signs such as kussmaul respirations, neuron status changes including increased intracranial pressure, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes and fontanelles may also be observed.
How Is DKA treated
Keep NPO
2 ivs one for insulin to reduce elevated blood sugar, the other a fluid to overcome dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
They patient will be on a monitor
How is acidosis stopped
By IV regular insulin
What is the normal behavior for 3 yr olds
Can ride a tricycle, stand on one foot for a few seconds and broad jump at age 3
What are signs of hypoglycemia
Early- sweating and trembling, anxious
Mild- difficulty concentrating, dizziness, lightheadness, slurred speech
Late- seizures, coma, possible death
What are Hirschsprung’s disease clinical manifestations in a newborn
Failure to pass meconium within 24-48 hours
Refusal to feed
Bilious vomiting
Abdominal distention
What are signs and symptoms of hirschsprungs disease in infancy
Growth failure Constipation Abdominal distention Diarrhea and vomiting Signs of enterocolitis such as expoplosive watery stools and fever
What are the clinical manifestations of Hirschsprung’s disease in childhood
Constipation Ribbonlike foul smelling stools Abdominal distention Visible peristalsis Easily palpable fecal mass Undernourished, anemic appearance
What is treatment for Hirschsprung’s disease
Barium enema
Rectal biopsy
What is Hirschsprung’s disease
Absence of ganglia tic cells in the distal bowel.
It is a congenital anomaly
The length of the affected bowel varies
Accounts for 1/4 of all cases of neonatal obstruction
What is the patho on UC
It involves the colon and rectum only
It affects 2 layers of bowel the mucosa and sub mucosa
What are the clinical manifestations of UC
FLARE UPS
watery diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, cramping, weight loss, fever
What is Crohn’s disease
Inflammation that can involve any part of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus. It affects all layers of the bowel wall
The inflammation of crohns diseases results in what
Ulcerations
Fibrosis
Adhesions
Strictures and fistulas
What are clinical manifestations of Crohn’s disease
Diarrhea Abdominal cramping Fever Weight loss Skin lesions Joint arthritis Mouth ulcers
What is celiac disease
It is known as the gluten induced enteropathy
Atrophy of the villi in the upper small intestine and malabsorption of most nutrients in the presence of gluten
It is autoimmune related to igA defiency
What are clinical manifestations of celiac disease
Failure to thrive Chronic diarrhea Abdominal distention Anorexia Muscle wasting
What is celiac crisis
Infections, especially of the GI
Prolonged fluid and electrolyte depletion
Emotional disturbances
What is treatment of celiac disease
Provide gluten free diet.
Clients can not consume grains of wheat and rye, barley and oats.
Corn and rice are substituted for grains
