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Maternal Newborn > Pedriatric Exam > Flashcards

Pedriatric Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What should a 8 month be able to do

A

Bears weight on legs when supported
Sits unsupported
Releases objects at will
Reaches persistently for toys out of reach
Increasing anxiety over loss of parent
Combines syllables bit, does not ascribe meaning to them ( dada)

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2
Q

When does a infant develop object permanence

A

Between 7-9 months

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3
Q

What is true of diabetes 1

A

No insulin is produced

Goal of HGbA1C of 7

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4
Q

What are the 3 most common signs of newly diagnosed diabetes

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia

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5
Q

What is DKA

A

The most severe manifestation of metabolic de compensation induced by insulin deficiency
It develops as a consequence of the failure to recognize and treat early signs of diabetes

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6
Q

What are signs and symptoms of DKA

A

As the clinical manifestations of untreated diabetes progresses from weight loss, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss and dehydration, additional late signs such as kussmaul respirations, neuron status changes including increased intracranial pressure, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes and fontanelles may also be observed.

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7
Q

How Is DKA treated

A

Keep NPO
2 ivs one for insulin to reduce elevated blood sugar, the other a fluid to overcome dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
They patient will be on a monitor

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8
Q

How is acidosis stopped

A

By IV regular insulin

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9
Q

What is the normal behavior for 3 yr olds

A

Can ride a tricycle, stand on one foot for a few seconds and broad jump at age 3

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10
Q

What are signs of hypoglycemia

A

Early- sweating and trembling, anxious
Mild- difficulty concentrating, dizziness, lightheadness, slurred speech
Late- seizures, coma, possible death

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11
Q

What are Hirschsprung’s disease clinical manifestations in a newborn

A

Failure to pass meconium within 24-48 hours
Refusal to feed
Bilious vomiting
Abdominal distention

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12
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hirschsprungs disease in infancy

A 
Growth failure
Constipation
Abdominal distention
Diarrhea and vomiting 
Signs of enterocolitis such as expoplosive watery stools and fever
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13
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Hirschsprung’s disease in childhood

A 
Constipation 
Ribbonlike foul smelling stools
Abdominal distention
Visible peristalsis 
Easily palpable fecal mass
Undernourished, anemic appearance
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14
Q

What is treatment for Hirschsprung’s disease

A

Barium enema

Rectal biopsy

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15
Q

What is Hirschsprung’s disease

A

Absence of ganglia tic cells in the distal bowel.
It is a congenital anomaly
The length of the affected bowel varies
Accounts for 1/4 of all cases of neonatal obstruction

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16
Q

What is the patho on UC

A

It involves the colon and rectum only

It affects 2 layers of bowel the mucosa and sub mucosa

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17
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of UC

A

FLARE UPS

watery diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, cramping, weight loss, fever

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18
Q

What is Crohn’s disease

A

Inflammation that can involve any part of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus. It affects all layers of the bowel wall

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19
Q

The inflammation of crohns diseases results in what

A

Ulcerations
Fibrosis
Adhesions
Strictures and fistulas

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20
Q

What are clinical manifestations of Crohn’s disease

A 
Diarrhea
Abdominal cramping
Fever
Weight loss
Skin lesions
Joint arthritis 
Mouth ulcers
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21
Q

What is celiac disease

A

It is known as the gluten induced enteropathy
Atrophy of the villi in the upper small intestine and malabsorption of most nutrients in the presence of gluten
It is autoimmune related to igA defiency

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22
Q

What are clinical manifestations of celiac disease

A 
Failure to thrive
Chronic diarrhea
Abdominal distention 
Anorexia
Muscle wasting
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23
Q

What is celiac crisis

A

Infections, especially of the GI
Prolonged fluid and electrolyte depletion
Emotional disturbances

24
Q

What is treatment of celiac disease

A

Provide gluten free diet.
Clients can not consume grains of wheat and rye, barley and oats.
Corn and rice are substituted for grains

25
Q

What is biliary intresia

A

It is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the absence or obstruction of intra hepatic or extra hepatic bile ducts.
It can cause liver failure or death

26
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of biliary intresia

A 
JAUNDICE is the earliest and most striking feature 
pale stools
Dark urine 
Swollen abdomen 
Large hardened liver 
Poor metabolism, poor weight gain
27
Q

What are diagnostic tests of biliary intresia

A

LFT
TOTAL BILI
ALK PHOS
LIVER BIOPSY

28
Q

What is treatment of biliary intresia

A 
Fat soluble vitamins 
Kasai procedure ( buys time only)
Liver transplant ( long term therapy)
29
Q

What is atresia

A

Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening or tubular structure

30
Q

What is the clinical presentation of tracheoesophageal fistula

A

Polyhedral noise in the mother
Copious, fine, white, sometimes frothy bubbles of mucus in mouth and sometime nose
Rattling respirations with episodes of choking, coughing, and cyanosis
Abdominal distention with tracheoesophageal fistula

31
Q

When should milk be introduced to the diet

A

Switch to whole milk at 12 months of age until 2 yrs of age, the brain needs the fat for development

32
Q

How much milk should a kid drink per day

A

No more than 24 ounces

33
Q

What grows the fastest on a newborn

A

Head

34
Q

How long is the growth chart implemented on kids

A

From Birth to 36 months
The parameters measured includes weight, height, head circumference. Values are plotted on a percentile chart compared with those of the population.

35
Q

Who weighs more bottle fed or breast fed babies

A

Breast fed

36
Q

What predictable pattern do toddlers follow

A

Trunk grows the fastest, they are bow legged due to leg muscles bearing the weight of the large trunk

37
Q

What predictable growth pattern do preschoolers follow

A

Slower growth period, trunk grows the fastest, the healthy preschooler is slender with good posture.

38
Q

During school age who grows faster boys or girls

A

Girls grow faster

Limbs grow faster

39
Q

What is the onset of puberty for girls

A

8-14

40
Q

What is the onset of puberty for boys

A

9-16

41
Q

Who developed the moral development stages

A

Kohlberg

42
Q

What are post conventional stages

A

It occurs in adolescence, they adapt there own values and moral principles

43
Q

What is the #1 cause of death and disabilities in kids

A

Head injuries

44
Q

What are febrile seizures

A

Seizures accompanied by a fever of 38

Occurs mostly between 6 months and 5 years of age

45
Q

What are risk factors for a febrile seizure

A

Viral infections

Familial history

46
Q

What is med is indicated for a febrile seizure

A

Antipyretics

For a febrile seizure that lasts longer than 5 min, call 911

47
Q

Seizure interventions

A

1. AIRWAY- suction, oxygen, turn pt on side if they begin to vomit or drool. Do not place anything in mouth or attempt to restrain.

48
Q

What are seizure interventions

A

To control the seizures or reduce the frequency and severity, discover and correct the cause and help the child live a normal life as possible.

Ketone of diet ( high fat, low carb, adequate protein)
vagus nerve stimulator
Surgical therapy

49
Q

What is Reye’s syndrome caused from

A

Viral infections
It is a disorder defines as toxic encephalopathy associated with damage to the brain, kidneys, and liver.
There is a assoc between kids who have a viral infection and take aspirin.

50
Q

What age group is most commonly affected by Reye’s syndrome

A

4-12 years

51
Q

What are the age ranges of aspirin

A

Adults 18 and older only

52
Q

What babies sometimes have hip dysplasia

A

Breech babies

53
Q

Name the 3 types of immunizations

A

Live attenuated ( live virus given intranasallly)
Inactivated ( flu, IM route)
Immunoglobulins

54
Q

What is the age range for HEP A

A

Do not give to children under 1 year old

55
Q

When is the MMR vaccination first given

A

At 12-15 months for the 1st dose, 4-6 years for the 2nd dose

Children are not protected until they are at least 12 months

56
Q

At what age can the flu vaccine be given IM

A

Older than 6 yrs.

Maternal Newborn (26 decks)

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