CH 3 Changes During Pregnancy Flashcards
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Changes the woman experiences to make her begin to think she is pregnant such as; amenorrhea, fatigue, n/v, polyuria,breast changes such as darkened aerola, ENLARGED MONTGOMERY GLANDS.
What are probable signs of pregnancy
Changes that the examiner identifies as probably being pregnant such as: abdominal enlargement, Chadwick’s signs ( deepened violet,bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa.)
Goodell’s sign (softening of cervical tip)
Ballottement ( rebound of u engaged fetus)
Braxton Hicks Contractions (false contractions, painless, irregular, and usually relieve by walking.
+ pregnancy test
Fetal outline felt by examiner
What are + signs of pregnancy
Signs that can be only explained during signs of pregnancy such as; fetal heart sounds, visualization of fetus by an ultrasound, or fetal movement palates by an experienced examiner.
What does serum and urine tests do regarding pregnancy
They provide an accurate assessment for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG). hCG production can start as early as the day of implantation can can be detected as early as 7-10 days after conception. hCG peaks at about 60-70 days of gestation, declines until around 80 days of pregnancy and then gradually increases until term.
What is true of hCG?
Higher levels can indicate multi fetal pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole ( gestational trophoblastic disease), or a genetic abnormality such as Down’s syndrome.
Lower blood hCG levels may suggest a miscarriage
What medications may cause a false positive or false negative pregnancy results?
Anticonvulsants
Diuretics
Tranquilizers
Nägeles rule
Take the 1st day of the woman’s last menstrual cycle, subtract 3 months, then add 7 days and 1 yr.
Gravidity ( gravida)
Number of pregnancies
What is paridy
Number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses reach viability ( approx 20 weeks) regardless of whether the fetus is born alive
What does the acronym GTPAL stand for
G- gravidity
T- term birth ( 38 weeks or more)
P- preterm births ( from viability up to 37 weeks)
A- abortions/ miscarriages ( prior to viability)
L-living children
What is an expected outcome of B/P during pregnancy
They are within the prepregnancy range during the FIRST TRIMESTER
B/P decreases 5-10 mmHg for both systolic and diastolic during 2 nod trimester
B/P should return to normal after approx 20 weeks of gestation
How may a mother develop hypotension during pregnancy
The position of the pregnant woman may affect B/P. In supine position,B/P may appear to be low due to the weight and pressure of the gravid uterus on the vena cava which decreases venous blood flow to the heart.
Maternal hypotension and fetal hypoxia may occur ( supine hypotensive syndrome, or supine Vena cava syndrome
What are signs and symptoms of maternal hypotension and fetal hypoxia ( supine hypotensive syndrome, supine vena cava syndrome)
Dizziness, lightheadedness, pale clammy skin. Encourage the client to to engage in maternal positioning on the left lateral side, semi fowler position or if supine, place a wedge under one hip to alleviate pressure on the vena cava.
What is true of pulse and respirations during pregnancy
Pulse increases 10-15/min at around 29 weeks gestation and remains elevated during the duration of pregnancy. Respirations increase by 1-2/ min because of elevation of the diaphragm by as much as 4 cm as well as changes to the chest wall to facilitate increased maternal oxygen demands. Some SOB may be noted.
What is an expected finding of fetal heart tones during pregnancy
They should be heard at a normal baseline rate of 110-160 bpm and it’s reassuring FHR accelerations noted which indicate a intact fetal CNS
