CH 8 Infections Flashcards
What is a med for HIV
Retrovir (Zidovudine) a antiretroviral agent and also a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
When should Retrovir be administered
At 14 weeks gestation, throughout the pregnancy and before the onset of labor or caesarean birth
It should be administered to the infant at delivery and for 6 weeks following birth
What is torch
It is an acronym for a group of infections that can negatively affect a woman who is pregnant
These infections can cross the placenta and have teratogenic affects on the fetus
How is toxoplasmosis caused
By consumption of raw or undercooked meat or handling cat feces
T- toxoplasmosis
O- other infection ( hep a&b, syphillis, mumps, parvovirus B19, and varicella zoster)
R- rubella
Cytomegalovirus ( member of herpes family, transmitted by droplet)
H- herpes
What does torch stand for?
What do manifestations of toxoplasmosis include
Fever and tender lymph nodes
What do manifestations of rubella include
Rash
Mild lymphedema
Fever
Fetal consequences which include miscarriage, preterm labor and intrauterine growth restriction
What does treatment of toxoplasmosis include
Sulfonamide or a combination of pyrimathamine and sulfadiazine ( potentially parasitic treatment is essential although potentially harmful to the fetus)
Wha is group b- hemolytic (GBS)
A bacterial infection that can be passed to a fetus during labor and delivery
When is GBS tested
Vaginal and rectal cultures are performed at 36-37 weeks gestation
What med is typically prescribed for GBS
Penicillin G or ampicillin ( principen)
A bactericidal antibiotic is used to destroy GBS
What lab tests determines if a person has chlamydia
Endocervical culture
What mess are prescribed for a person with chlamydia
A broad spectrum antibiotic such as azithromycin ( Zithromax) arms amoxicillin ( Amoxil)
What med should be given to all infants of a Chlamydia infected mother immediately following delivery?
Erythromycin ( Romycin) it is the med of choice for opthalmia neonatorum. It is both bactericidal and bacteriostatic. Providing prophylaxis against gonorrhea and chlamydia
What is HIV
A retrovirus that attacks And causes. Destruction of T Lymphocytes. It causes immunosuppression
It is transmitted from a mother to neonate perinatally thru the placenta and postnatally thru breast milk
What is gonorrhea
It is a bacterial infection that is primarily spread by genital to genital contact, it can also be spread by anal to genital or oral to genital contact. It can also be transmitted to a newborn during delivery. Woman are frequently asymptomatic.
What subjective data does a male present that has gonorrhea
Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Polyuria
What subjective data does a woman present with who has gonorrhea
Lower abdominal pain
Dysmenorrhea
What laboratory tests determines if a person has gonorrhea
Urethral and vaginal cultures
Urine culture
What objective data may a woman present with who has gonorrhea
Urethral discharge
Yellowish green vaginal discharge
Reddened vulva and vaginal walls
If gonorrhea is left untreated, what may it cause
PID
heart disease
Arthritis
What are Meds used to treat gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone ( Rocephin) IM and azithromycin ( Zithromax) PO
They are one dose prescriptions
Broad spectrum antibiotic that has bacteriocidal action.
What are risk factors for a fungal infection caused by Candida albicans
DM
Oral contraceptives
Recent antibiotic Tx
What is subjective data for Candida albicans
Vulvar itching
What are objective physical assessment findings of a person who has Candida albicans
Thick creamy white vaginal discharge
Vulvar redness
White patches on vaginal walls
Gray- white patches on the tongue and gums ( neonate)
What lab tests determines Candida albicans
Wet prep
What diagnostic procedures indicate Candida albicans
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) prep Presence of hyphae and pseudohyphae indicates positive findings
What Meds are used to treat Candida albicans
Fluconazole ( diflucan)
Anti fungal agent
Fungicidal action
What is contraindicated in a woman who is in labor that has HIV
Episiotomy
Vacuum extraction
Forceps
Internal fetal monitoring
What clinical findings are suggestive of a TORCH infection
Joint pain- TORCH is flulike in presentation such as joint pain
Malaise- TORCH is flulike in presentation such as malaise
Rash
Tender lymph nodes-TORCH is flulike in presentation such as tender lymph nodes.
What med may the nurse anticipate, will be prescribed for gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone ( Rocephin)
What conditions have medications that can be prescribed as a prophylactic treatment during labor or immediately following delivery
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
HIV
group B streptococcus b hemolytic
Is there a treatment for cytomegalovirus
No
Why is vaccination against rubella contraindicated during pregnancy
Due to the risk of fetal congenital anomalies
