Pediatric Class Flashcards
What is growth
Increase in size but does not necessarily include development
What is development
Maturation of structures and includes growth
What growth pattern do infants follow
Rapid growth period, especially the first 6 months…. Head grows the fastest
What growth pattern do toddlers follow
Trunk grows the fastest
Bow legged due to leg muscles bearing the weight of the large trunk
What growth pattern do pre schoolers follow
Slower growth period
Trunk grows the fastest
Healthy preschooler is slender with good posture
What is the growth pattern for school, age children
Girls grow faster than boys
What are predictable growth patterns for adolescents
Rapid growth period, puberty
Onset of puberty for girls is between 8-14
Onset of puberty for boys is between 9-16
Who weighs more breast fed or bottle fed babies
Breast fed
When are growth charts used
From birth to 36 months
What is true of weight at 6 months
It doubles
What is true at weight in 1 yr
It should triple
What is BMI
Body mass index is the recommended method for screening children for over weight and under weight. BMI can be used from 2 yrs thru adulthood
What are the BMI parameters
Greater than 95% overweight
Between 85-95% at risk for being overweight
Less than 5% underweight
What is the average birth length
20 inches
What is the rate in which children should grow in the first year
They should grow about 10 inches in 1 year
What is the rate that children should grow in the 2nd year
5 inches
From age 3 until puberty, how much should a child grow
2.5 inches each year
At 2 years of age, how is a child length compared to that of an adult
2 yrs of age birth length is half of adult height
What is true of height at 4 yrs of age
Birth length doubles
What is the appropriate age range to perform head circumference
3 yrs of age and younger
What is true of head to chest ratio at birth
The head is larger than chest circumference by about 2 inches
By what age is the head equal to the chest circumference
By 24 months
Hydrocephele
CSF in head
Define gross motor development
The developmental maturation in posture, head balance, sitting, creeping, standing and walking
Define fine motor development
The use of hands and fingers in the pretension ( grasp) of an object
By 1 month what are developmental milestones
Turning head from side to side when prone Marked head lag Grasp reflex strong Hand clenches on contact with rattle Quiets when hears a voice Cries Comfort sounds during feeding
By age 2 months what are developmental milestones
POSTERIOR FONTANEL CLOSED Less heads lag When prone can lift head 45 degrees off table/ head bobs Follows toy from side to side Eyes follow moving person Hands often open/ briefly holds objects Keeps hands fisted 50 % of the time
By 3 months of age, what are developmental milestones
Holds head well/ no head lag Holds a rattle Follows a object in periphery Locates sound by turning head to side Begins to babble Les crying during periods of wakefulness Recognizes familiar faces and objects
By 4 months of age what reflexes dissapear
Moro reflex
Rooting reflex
Palmer grasp
At 4 months of age, what are developmental milestones
Balances head well in a sitting position Rolls from back to side Laughs aloud Reaches and holds objects Grasps objects with both hands Carries objects to mouth Begins to show memory Demands attention by fussing, becomes bored if left alone
By 5 months of age what occurs
Beginning signs of tooth eruption
By 5 months of age, what are developmental milestones
Rolls fro front to back Smiles at mirror image Squeals Visually pursues a dropped object Plays with toes, takes objects directly to mouth, grasps voluntarily Hand to hand transfer
What happen developmentally at 6 months of age
CHEWING AMD BITING OCCUR
BIRTH WEIGHT DOUBLES
Tonic reflex has disappeared
Can sit with support/ when held In a standing position bears almost all of weight.
Can hold a bottle/ grasp feet/ feed themselves crackers
Fears strangers/ holds arms out to be picked up
Definite likes and dislikes
Babbles one syllable words
What is true developmentally by 7 months of age
Sits leaning forward Can grasp with thumb and fingers at 7-8 months Raking objects Develops object permanence Responds to own name Looks for objects out of view Has taste preferences Plays peekaboo Beginning awareness and depth and space Imitates simple acts and noises Talks when others are taking
By 8 months of age, what is true of development
Bears weight on legs when supported
Sits unsupported
Releases objects at will
Reaches persistently for toys out of reach
Increasing anxiety of loss of parent
Combines syllables but does not ascribe meaning to the ( dada)
By 9 months of age, what developmental milestones should occur
WEANING TO A CUP FROM A BOTTLE Pulls to a standing position Creep on hands and knees understands NO NO Preference for use of dominant hand Compares 2 cubes by bringing them together
By what age should infants be off the bottle
By 12 months
By 10 months, what developmental skills should the baby possess
THE PLANTAR GRASP HAS DISAPPEARED Change fro prone to sitting position Can walk while holding on to a table Deliberately lets go of an object/ offers object to someone else Says mama and dada with meaning May say one word (hi bye no)
By 11 months, what is true of development
Continues to walk while holding onto furniture
Puts objects in a container and likes to remove it
Reacts to restrictions with frustration
Rolls ball to another
By 12 months of age, what occurs developmentally
WEIGHT TRIPLES FROM BIRTH WEIGHT
Walks holding someone’s hand/ says 3-5 words
May attempt to stand alone/ recognizes objects by name
Can sit down for standing position without help
Attempts to build a 2 tower block/comprehends meaning of several words/ understands simple commands
Can turn pages in a book/ shows emotions such as jealousy and affection
When does the anterior FONTANEL close?
Abby 18 months of age
Are growth and development the same
No
When is the primary dentition (20 teeth) completed
By 30 months (6 months shy of 3 yrs)
By 2 yrs of age, what reflex disappears (toddler)
Babinski reflex
When does a toddler begin to walk without help
By 15 months
When does a toddler begin to walk up and down stairs one step at a time, and kick a ball forward
By 24 months
When does a toddler begin to jump with both feet
By 30 months
When does a toddler begin to walk upstairs with one hand and run
By 18 months
What is true of a toddlers fine motor skills by this age
Builds 2 block towers and scribbles spontaneously by 15 mnths
Builds a 3-4 tower block by 18 months
Builds a 6-7 tower block by 24 months
Builds an 8 tower block and copies a cross at 30 months
What is true of a toddlers development
Ritualism, use tantrums to assert independence
They can have tantrums as long as they are safe
By 15 months can use 4-6 words
By 18 months can use 10-20 words
By 24 months can use 300 words
Between 1-3 years can verbalize the need for toileting, food, or drink, can give 1st name
What is true of preschoolers
Can ride a tricycle,stand on one foot and broad jump at age 3
Can hop skip and catch a ball at age 4
Can jump, balance on alternate feet with eyes closed skip on alternate feet at age 5
When do preschoolers preschoolers begin to lace there own shoes
Age 4
When do preschoolers use scissors, print a few letters and numbers
By age 5
When do preschoolers develop the fear of the dark and going to bed
Age 3
What is the primary purpose for preschool programs
To faster the child’s social skills
How many words can a 3 yr old speak
900 words, they can speak in 3-4 word sentences
How many words can a 4 yr old speak
1500 words
Questioning why is at its peak
How many words can a 5 yr old speak
2100 words they speak in 6-8 word sentences and know 4 or more colors
