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maternal newborn > Pediatric Class > Flashcards

Pediatric Class Flashcards

1
Q

What is growth

A

Increase in size but does not necessarily include development

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2
Q

What is development

A

Maturation of structures and includes growth

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3
Q

What growth pattern do infants follow

A

Rapid growth period, especially the first 6 months…. Head grows the fastest

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4
Q

What growth pattern do toddlers follow

A

Trunk grows the fastest

Bow legged due to leg muscles bearing the weight of the large trunk

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5
Q

What growth pattern do pre schoolers follow

A

Slower growth period
Trunk grows the fastest
Healthy preschooler is slender with good posture

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6
Q

What is the growth pattern for school, age children

A

Girls grow faster than boys

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7
Q

What are predictable growth patterns for adolescents

A

Rapid growth period, puberty
Onset of puberty for girls is between 8-14
Onset of puberty for boys is between 9-16

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8
Q

Who weighs more breast fed or bottle fed babies

A

Breast fed

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9
Q

When are growth charts used

A

From birth to 36 months

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10
Q

What is true of weight at 6 months

A

It doubles

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11
Q

What is true at weight in 1 yr

A

It should triple

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12
Q

What is BMI

A

Body mass index is the recommended method for screening children for over weight and under weight. BMI can be used from 2 yrs thru adulthood

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13
Q

What are the BMI parameters

A

Greater than 95% overweight
Between 85-95% at risk for being overweight
Less than 5% underweight

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14
Q

What is the average birth length

A

20 inches

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15
Q

What is the rate in which children should grow in the first year

A

They should grow about 10 inches in 1 year

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16
Q

What is the rate that children should grow in the 2nd year

A

5 inches

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17
Q

From age 3 until puberty, how much should a child grow

A

2.5 inches each year

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18
Q

At 2 years of age, how is a child length compared to that of an adult

A

2 yrs of age birth length is half of adult height

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19
Q

What is true of height at 4 yrs of age

A

Birth length doubles

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20
Q

What is the appropriate age range to perform head circumference

A

3 yrs of age and younger

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21
Q

What is true of head to chest ratio at birth

A

The head is larger than chest circumference by about 2 inches

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22
Q

By what age is the head equal to the chest circumference

A

By 24 months

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23
Q

Hydrocephele

A

CSF in head

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24
Q

Define gross motor development

A

The developmental maturation in posture, head balance, sitting, creeping, standing and walking

25
Q

Define fine motor development

A

The use of hands and fingers in the pretension ( grasp) of an object

26
Q

By 1 month what are developmental milestones

A 
Turning head from side to side when prone 
Marked head lag
Grasp reflex strong 
Hand clenches on contact with rattle
Quiets when hears a voice
Cries
Comfort sounds during feeding
27
Q

By age 2 months what are developmental milestones

A 
POSTERIOR FONTANEL CLOSED
Less heads lag 
When prone can lift head 45 degrees off table/ head bobs
Follows toy from side to side
Eyes follow moving person
Hands often open/ briefly holds objects 
Keeps hands fisted 50 % of the time
28
Q

By 3 months of age, what are developmental milestones

A 
Holds head well/ no head lag
Holds a rattle
Follows a object in periphery
Locates sound by turning head to side 
Begins to babble
Les crying during periods of wakefulness
Recognizes familiar faces and objects
29
Q

By 4 months of age what reflexes dissapear

A

Moro reflex
Rooting reflex
Palmer grasp

30
Q

At 4 months of age, what are developmental milestones

A 
Balances head well in a sitting position 
Rolls from back to side
Laughs aloud
Reaches and holds objects
Grasps objects with both hands
Carries objects to mouth 
Begins to show memory
Demands attention by fussing, becomes bored if left alone
31
Q

By 5 months of age what occurs

A

Beginning signs of tooth eruption

32
Q

By 5 months of age, what are developmental milestones

A 
Rolls fro front to back
Smiles at mirror image
Squeals
Visually pursues a dropped object
Plays with toes, takes objects directly to mouth, grasps voluntarily 
Hand to hand transfer
33
Q

What happen developmentally at 6 months of age

A

CHEWING AMD BITING OCCUR
BIRTH WEIGHT DOUBLES
Tonic reflex has disappeared
Can sit with support/ when held In a standing position bears almost all of weight.
Can hold a bottle/ grasp feet/ feed themselves crackers
Fears strangers/ holds arms out to be picked up
Definite likes and dislikes
Babbles one syllable words

34
Q

What is true developmentally by 7 months of age

A 
Sits leaning forward
Can grasp with thumb and fingers at 7-8 months
Raking objects
Develops object permanence 
Responds to own name 
Looks for objects out of view
Has taste preferences
Plays peekaboo
Beginning awareness and depth and space
Imitates simple acts and noises
Talks when others are taking
35
Q

By 8 months of age, what is true of development

A

Bears weight on legs when supported
Sits unsupported
Releases objects at will
Reaches persistently for toys out of reach
Increasing anxiety of loss of parent
Combines syllables but does not ascribe meaning to the ( dada)

36
Q

By 9 months of age, what developmental milestones should occur

A 
WEANING TO A CUP FROM A BOTTLE
Pulls to a standing position
Creep on hands and knees
understands NO NO
Preference for use of dominant hand
Compares 2 cubes by bringing them together
37
Q

By what age should infants be off the bottle

A

By 12 months

38
Q

By 10 months, what developmental skills should the baby possess

A 
THE PLANTAR GRASP HAS DISAPPEARED
Change fro prone to sitting position
Can walk while holding on to a table
Deliberately lets go of an object/ offers object to someone else
Says mama and dada with meaning
May say one word (hi bye no)
39
Q

By 11 months, what is true of development

A

Continues to walk while holding onto furniture
Puts objects in a container and likes to remove it
Reacts to restrictions with frustration
Rolls ball to another

40
Q

By 12 months of age, what occurs developmentally

A

WEIGHT TRIPLES FROM BIRTH WEIGHT
Walks holding someone’s hand/ says 3-5 words
May attempt to stand alone/ recognizes objects by name
Can sit down for standing position without help
Attempts to build a 2 tower block/comprehends meaning of several words/ understands simple commands
Can turn pages in a book/ shows emotions such as jealousy and affection

41
Q

When does the anterior FONTANEL close?

A

Abby 18 months of age

42
Q

Are growth and development the same

A

No

43
Q

When is the primary dentition (20 teeth) completed

A

By 30 months (6 months shy of 3 yrs)

44
Q

By 2 yrs of age, what reflex disappears (toddler)

A

Babinski reflex

45
Q

When does a toddler begin to walk without help

A

By 15 months

46
Q

When does a toddler begin to walk up and down stairs one step at a time, and kick a ball forward

A

By 24 months

47
Q

When does a toddler begin to jump with both feet

A

By 30 months

48
Q

When does a toddler begin to walk upstairs with one hand and run

A

By 18 months

49
Q

What is true of a toddlers fine motor skills by this age

A

Builds 2 block towers and scribbles spontaneously by 15 mnths
Builds a 3-4 tower block by 18 months
Builds a 6-7 tower block by 24 months
Builds an 8 tower block and copies a cross at 30 months

50
Q

What is true of a toddlers development

A

Ritualism, use tantrums to assert independence
They can have tantrums as long as they are safe
By 15 months can use 4-6 words
By 18 months can use 10-20 words
By 24 months can use 300 words
Between 1-3 years can verbalize the need for toileting, food, or drink, can give 1st name

51
Q

What is true of preschoolers

A

Can ride a tricycle,stand on one foot and broad jump at age 3
Can hop skip and catch a ball at age 4
Can jump, balance on alternate feet with eyes closed skip on alternate feet at age 5

52
Q

When do preschoolers preschoolers begin to lace there own shoes

A

Age 4

53
Q

When do preschoolers use scissors, print a few letters and numbers

A

By age 5

54
Q

When do preschoolers develop the fear of the dark and going to bed

A

Age 3

55
Q

What is the primary purpose for preschool programs

A

To faster the child’s social skills

56
Q

How many words can a 3 yr old speak

A

900 words, they can speak in 3-4 word sentences

57
Q

How many words can a 4 yr old speak

A

1500 words

Questioning why is at its peak

58
Q

How many words can a 5 yr old speak

A

2100 words they speak in 6-8 word sentences and know 4 or more colors

maternal newborn (26 decks)

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