PEDIATRICS Section 5: CHEST (Congenital) Flashcards
Diagnosis? Describe
Pulmonary hypoplasia
This is the situation where the lung(s) look tiny or incompletely developed.
What are the secondary causes of Pulmonary hypoplasia?
A. Things inside the chest pushing teh lungs (MC - Diaphragmatic hernia, sometimes - Neurbolastoma, Giant congenital heart or sequestration)
B. Things outside the chest pushing the lungs - fucked up skeleton/ribs - Jeune syndrome - “asphysxiating thoracic dystrophy”
C. Things outside the chest fucking with normal lung development - “Oligohydramios)
Anything that drops fluid (PROM, Potter sequence, REnal problems)
Desribe Potter Sequence
Most common Diaphragmatic hernia
Bochdalek - B in in the Back
Diagnosis
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) Bockdalek
If CDH is on the right, it is associated with?
GBS pneumonia
Mortality rate is related to?
Degree of pulmonary hypoplasisa
Seen in kids. What is it?
Describe
Bronchogenic cysts`
They are generally solitary and unilocular. They typically do NOT communicate with the airway, so if they have gas in them you should worry about infection.
“extra lung that is NOT connected to the airways or vasculature normally.”
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
Other names of Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
Accessory lung tissue or Bronchopulmonary Foregut malformations
Diagnosis? Descibe
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
- NO communication with the airway
- NO communication with the pulmonary arteries
- They - USUALLY have an Aortic Feeder Vessel
What is the difference between Intralobar vs Extralobare Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
Most common side of Intralobar sequestration?
Left lower lobe (60%)
“recurrent pneumonia in the same area”
Intralobar sequestration
you have bronchial pathology (maybe atresia depending on what you read), that leads to a ball-valve anomaly and progressive air trapping.
Congenital Lobar Emphysema