PEDIATRICS Section 5: CHEST (Congenital) Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnosis? Describe

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

This is the situation where the lung(s) look tiny or incompletely developed.

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2
Q

What are the secondary causes of Pulmonary hypoplasia?

A

A. Things inside the chest pushing teh lungs (MC - Diaphragmatic hernia, sometimes - Neurbolastoma, Giant congenital heart or sequestration)

B. Things outside the chest pushing the lungs - fucked up skeleton/ribs - Jeune syndrome - “asphysxiating thoracic dystrophy”

C. Things outside the chest fucking with normal lung development - “Oligohydramios)
Anything that drops fluid (PROM, Potter sequence, REnal problems)

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3
Q

Desribe Potter Sequence

A
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4
Q

Most common Diaphragmatic hernia

A

Bochdalek - B in in the Back

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5
Q

Diagnosis

A

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) Bockdalek

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6
Q

If CDH is on the right, it is associated with?

A

GBS pneumonia

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7
Q

Mortality rate is related to?

A

Degree of pulmonary hypoplasisa

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8
Q

Seen in kids. What is it?
Describe

A

Bronchogenic cysts`

They are generally solitary and unilocular. They typically do NOT communicate with the airway, so if they have gas in them you should worry about infection.

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9
Q

“extra lung that is NOT connected to the airways or vasculature normally.”

A

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration

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10
Q

Other names of Bronchopulmonary Sequestration

A

Accessory lung tissue or Bronchopulmonary Foregut malformations

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11
Q

Diagnosis? Descibe

A

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration

  • NO communication with the airway
  • NO communication with the pulmonary arteries
  • They - USUALLY have an Aortic Feeder Vessel
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12
Q

What is the difference between Intralobar vs Extralobare Bronchopulmonary Sequestration

A
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13
Q

Most common side of Intralobar sequestration?

A

Left lower lobe (60%)

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14
Q

“recurrent pneumonia in the same area”

A

Intralobar sequestration

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15
Q

you have bronchial pathology (maybe atresia depending on what you read), that leads to a ball-valve anomaly and progressive air trapping.

A

Congenital Lobar Emphysema

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16
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Congenital Lobar EMphysema

17
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM)

18
Q

What are the types of Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM) or CPAM

A

Type I (Cystic - 70% - most common) and solid types

19
Q

CPAM communicate with the airway and spontaneously decrease when?

A

3rd Trimester (90%)

20
Q

CCAP Risks and treatment

A

Malignant transformation:
Pleuropulmonary blastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma

21
Q

What ifyou see a systemic arterialfeeder (one coming offthe aorta) going to the CCAM ?

A

Then it’s not a CCAM, it’s a Sequestration. — mumble to yourself “nice try assholes”

22
Q

Left upper lobe:

Left lower lobe:

A
23
Q

Case

“New born with congenital heart disease”

A

Extralobar Sequestration

24
Q

Case

“10year old with recurrentpneumonia”

A

Intralobar Sequestration

25
Q

Give the age:

Intralobar sequestration is seen in?
Extralobar sequestration is seen in?
CLE is seen in?

A

**Intralobar is seen older kids,
**Extralobar is seen in infants with co-morbids
** CLE is in the upper lobe