PEDIATRIC Section 9: Congenital GU (Ureter/Urethra) Flashcards
his is a “wastebasket” term for an enlarged ureter which is intrinsic to the ureter (NOT the resuh of a distal obstruction)
Congenital (primary) MEGAureter
Give the causes of Congenital (Primary) Megaureter
(1) distal adynamic segment (analogous to achalasia, or colonic Hirschsprungs),
(2) reflux at the UVJ,
(3) it just wants to be big (totally idiopathic).
What type of Congenital Megaureter causes hydronephrosis?
Distal adynamic type
Retrocaval Ureter (circumcaval)- This is actually a problem with the development of the IVC, which grows in a
manner that pins the ureter.
Retrocaval Ureter (circumcaval)-
Retrocaval Ureter (circumcaval) in IVP
“Reverse J” or “fishhook”
When you say Duplicated collecting system, you say
“Weigert- Meyer Rule”
What is the “Weigert- Meyer Rule”?
the upper pole inserts INFERIOR and MEDIALLY.
The upper pole in a duplicated collecting system is prone to what?
The lower pole is prone to?
Upper pole: ureterocele formation and obstruction
Lower pole: Reflux
In girls, a duplicated system can lead to
Incontincee (Ureter may instert BELOW the sphincter - sometimes VAGINA)
A cystic dilation of the intravesicular ureter, secondary to obstruction at the ureteral orifice.
Ureterocele
Ureterocele in IVP will show?
“Cobra head” sign with contrast surrounded by a lucent rim, protruding from the contrast filled bladder.
This is associated with a duplicated system (specifically the upper pole).
Ureterocele
The ureter inserts distal to the external sphincter in the vestibule.
Ectopic Ureter
Ectopic Ureter is common in what patients?
Female
+ incontinence
(not associated with incontinence in men)
Where are ureteroceles best demonstrated
Early filling of the VCUG
This is a fold in the posterior urethra that leads to outflow obstruction and eventual renal failure (if it’s not fixed).
Posterior Urethral Valves
It is the most common cause of urethral obstruction in male infants.
Posterior Urethral Valves