Pediatrics Recall Flashcards
1
Q
Olive shaped mass
A
Pyloric stenosis
2
Q
“Shoulder Sign” and “Double Tract Sign” on Barium Swallow
A
Pyloric stenosis
3
Q
Surgical Procedure of Pyloric Stenosis
A
Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy
4
Q
Birds Beak Sign
A
Volvulus
5
Q
Inverted U Sign
A
Volvulus
6
Q
Coffee Bean Sign
A
Volvulus
7
Q
Failure to recanilize the lumen
A
Duodenal Atresia
8
Q
Obstruction usually distal to the ampulla of vater
A
Duodenal Atresia
9
Q
Bilious vomiting without abdominal distention usually noted on the 1st day of life
A
Duodenal Atresia
10
Q
Double Bubble Sign
A
Duodenal Atresia
11
Q
Surgical Tx of Duodenal Atresia
A
Duodenoduodenostomy with gastrotomy tube
Pg18 TN
12
Q
Incomplete rotation of the intestine during fetal development
A
Malrotation
13
Q
Most common type involve failure of the cecum to move into the RLQ
A
Malrotation
14
Q
Remnant of the Omphalomesenteric duct
A
Meckel Diverticulum
15
Q
Intermittent painless rectal bleeding and “Brick colored stool”
A
Meckel Diverticulum
16
Q
Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon
A
Hirschprung Disease
17
Q
Most common cause of lower intestinal obstruction in neonates;
M > F
A
Hirschprung Disease
18
Q
Absence of ganglionic cells in the bowel wall beginning in the “Internal Anal Sphincter”
A
Hirschprung Disease
19
Q
Absence of Meisnner and Auerbach plexus
A
Hirschprung Disease
20
Q
Begins at birth with the Delayed Passage of Meconium
A
Hirschprung Disease
21
Q
Pellet or Ribbon like stool
A
Hirschprung Disease
22
Q
Currarino Triad
A
Hirschprung Disease
Pg19 TN
23
Q
Sausage-shaped mass in the RUQ which may inc in size and firmness during a paroxysm of pain
A
Intussusception
24
Q
Barium enema: “Coiled Spring Sign”
A
Intussusception
25
UTZ: Doughnut or Target Sign
Intussusception
26
Most common cause of non bilious vomiting
Pyloric stenosis
27
More specific for acute inflammatory pancreatic disease
Serum lipase
28
Abd Xray: Sentinel loop
Acute Pancreatitis
29
Abd Xray: Cutoff Sign: dilated transverse colon
Acute Pancreatitis
30
Abd Xray: Blurring of left psoas margin
Acute Pancreatitis
31
Severe flank pain radiating to the groin
Renal Colic from Calculi
32
Sudden onset offross or microscopic hematuria and unilateral or bilateral flank mass
Renal Vein Thrombosis
33
Gross hematuria, Periorbital edema, Hypertension, Oliguria
Acute PostStreptococcal Gromerulonephritis
34
Most common chronic glomerular disease worldwide
IgA Nephropathy
35
Bilateral flank pain masses during the neonatal period or early infancy
Polycystic Kidney Disease
36
Associated with Potter Facies
Polycystic Kidney Disease
37
Renal UTZ: enlarged and hyperechogenic kidneys with poor corticomedullary distinction
Potter Syndrome
38
Most common cause of acute renal failure in young adults
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
| Pg27 TN
39
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
| Pg27 TN
40
Precedes more than 80% of HUS in devolped countries
Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli 0157:H7
41
Peripheral Smear: Helmet cells
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
| Pg27 TN
42
Peripheral smear: Burr cells
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
| Pg27 TN
43
Peripheral smear: Fragmented RBCs
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
| Pg27 TN
44
Upper limit of normal protein excretion in healthy children
150mg/day
45
T-cells first detected in the thymus
7th - 8th week of gestation
| Pg29 TN
46
Vital organ for immune response to blood borne antigens
Spleen
47
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
Pe yer's patch in the lamina propria of the SI
L ymphoid follicles in the appendix
T onsils in the pharynx
S ubmucosal lymphoid tissue throughout the upper airways & bronchi
48
A protein that creates pores on cell membranes of target cells resulting in lysis
Cytolysin
49
First line of defense against neonatal herpes virus infection
Natural Killer Cells
50
Functions of Phagocytes
Diapedesis
Chemotaxis
Phagocytosis
Killing
51
Main anaphylatoxins that provokes inflammation
C3a and C5a
52
Role in opsonization
C3b and C5b
53
B Cell Deficiency: deficiency of tyrosine kinase that blocks B cell maturation
Bruton's X-linked Agammaglobulinemia
54
B Cell Deficiency: deficiency of CD40L on activated T cell
X Linked Hyper IgM Syndrome
55
B Cell deficiency: most common IgA defiency
Selective IgA Deficiency
56
B Cell Deficiency: Delayed onset of maturation of normal IgG
Transient Agammaglobulinemia
57
T Cell Deficiency: Thymic hypoplasia and T cell specific
DiGeorge Syndrome
58
T Cell Deficiency: defective cytoskeletal gylycoprotein
Wiskott Aldrich
59
Most common T Cell Deficiency
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
60
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
61
Defects in Phagocytosis: Deficiency in NADPH oxidase and recurrent infxn with Catalase +
Chronic Granulomatosis Disease
62
Defects in Phagocytosis: absence of CD18
Leukocyte Adhesion Defect
63
Defects in Phagocytosis: Delayed in umbilical cord sloughing
Leukocyte Adhesion Defect
64
Defects in Phagocytosis: Granule structure defect
Chediak-Hegashi Syndrome
65
Defects in Phagocytosis: Recurrent bacterial infxn and partial albinism
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
66
Defects in Phagocytosis: Deficiency in enzyme needed in HMP
Glucose 6 Phosphate Deficiency
67
Defects in Phagocytosis: Hemolytic Crisis
Glucose 6 Phosphate Deficiency
68
Defects in Phagocytosis: Granule ENZYME deficiency
Myeloperoxidase Deficiency
69
Defects in Phagocytosis: Deficiency in TNF-gamma
Job's Syndrome
70
Defects in Complement: Deficiency in regulatory of protein
Hereditary Angioedema
71
Screening Test for Macrophage Deficiency
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test
| Respiratory Burst Assay
72
Screening Test for Complement Deficiency
CH50
73
Rachitic Rosary
Rickets
74
Harrison Groove
Rickets
75
Valgus deformity of 1 leg with Varus deformity of the other leg
Windswept Deformity
| Rickets
76
Angular Cheilosis
Perleche
77
Magenta Tongue
Glossitis
78
Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia and Death
Pellagra
79
Pellagra
Niacin Deficiency
| Vit. B3
80
Microcytic Anemia
Vit B6 Deficiency
81
Megaloblastic Anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency
82
Scorbutic Rosary
Scurvy
83
Corckscrew Hair
Scurvy
84
Inadequate CALORIC intake + non-edematous
Marasmus
85
Starvation type of diarrhea
Marasmus
86
Insufficient intake of PROTEIN of good biologic value
Kwashirkor
87
Streaky red or grey hair in dark-haired children
Hypochromotrichia
| Kwashirkor
88
Extreme Exogenous Obesity
Pickwickian Syndrome
89
Severe cardiorespiratory distress with alveolar hypoventilation
Pickwickian Syndrome
90
Most severe form of neural tube defect (Dysraphism)
Meningocele
91
Failure of the neural tube to close spontaneously between the 3rd and 4th wk in utero
Meningocele
92
Due to failure of closure of the ROSTRAL NEUROPORE
Anencephaly
93
Absent cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum with a residue of brainstem
Anencephaly
94
Absent cerebral convolutions and poor formed sylvian fissure
Lissencephaly (Agyria)
95
Faulty neuroblast migration
Lissencephaly (Agyria)
96
Unilateral or bilateral clefts within the cerebral hemispheres
Schizencephaly
97
Presence of cysts or cavities within the brain
Porencephaly
98
Develop during perinatal/postnatal period due to problems of arterial or venous circulation
Pseudoporencephalic cysts
99
Defective cleavage of the prosencephalon and inadequate induction of the forebrain structures
Holoprosencephaly
100
Impaired circulation and absorption of CSF from increase production of CSF
Hydrocephalus
101
Obstruction within the ventricular system
Obstructive or Non-communicating type of Hydrocephalus
102
Abnormality of the Aqueduct or a lesion in the 4th Ventricle
Obstructive or Non-communicating type of Hydrocephalus
103
Aqueductal Stenosis
Obstructive or Non-communicating type of Hydrocephalus
104
Obliteration of the subarachnoid cisterns
Non-Obstructive or Communicating type of Hydrocephalus
105
Malfunction of the arachnoid villi
Non-Obstructive or Communicating type of Hydrocephalus
106
Follows a subarachnoid hemorrhage
Non-Obstructive or Communicating type of Hydrocephalus
107
Leukemic infiltrates
Non-Obstructive or Communicating type of Hydrocephalus
108
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid Plexus
109
Setting-Sun Sign
Hydrocephalus
110
Long-Tract Sign
```
Brisk DTR's
Babinski sign
Clonus
Spacity
(Hydrocephalus)
```
111
Percussion of Skull
Cracked Pot Sensation
| Hydrocephalus
112
Separation of Sutures in the brain
Macewen Sign
| Hydrocephalus
113
Foreshortened Occipit
Chiari Malformation
114
Prominent Occiput
Dandy-Walker Malformation
115
Provide temporary relief by reducing the rate of CSF production
Acetazolamide and Furosemide
116
Paroxysmal, time-limited changes in motor activity and/or behavior that result from abnormal electric activity in the brain
Seizures / Convulsions
117
Present when 2 or more unprovoked seizures occur at an interval greater than 24hrs apart
Epilepsy
118
Consciousness RETAINED seizure
Simple Seizure
119
Consciousness IMPAIRED seizure
Complex Seizures
120
Sudden cessation of motor activity or speech with a blank facial expression or flickering of the eyelids
Absence Seizures
121
Seizure that NEVER associated with an aura
Absence Seizures
122
Seizure that rarely persist longer than 30 seconds
Absence Seizures
123
Seizure that do not lose body tone
Absence Seizures
124
Seizure associated with an aura
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure
125
Seizure cause loss of sphincter control
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure
126
Repetitive seizures consisting of brief, often symmetric muscular contractions with loss of body tone and falling or slumping forward
Myoclonic Seizures
127
Hypsarrhythmia and begins at 4-5 months old
Infantile Spams
128
Management of Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures
```
P: Phenobarb
P: Phenytoin
Ca: Carbamazepine
La: Lamotrigine
Va: Valproic acid
G: Gabapentine
```
129
Management of Absence Seizures
E: Ethoxsuximide
Va: Valproic acid
130
Managment of Infantile Spasm
Vigabatrin
131
Restricted CHO and CHON
Ketogenic Diet
132
Most common seizure disorder in childhood
Febrile Seizures
133
Febrile Seizures: Peak age of onset
14 - 18 months old
134
Seizure occurs only ONCE in 24hrs
Simple Febrile Seizures
135
Focal seizures activity
Complex Febrile Seizures
136
One seizure lasting 30 minutes or multiple seizures during 30 minutes without regaining consciousness
Status Epilepticus
137
Breakthrough Seizures
Status Epilepticus
138
Drug for Status Epilepticus
Phenytoin
139
Recurrent headache with symptoms free intervals and at least 3 criteria (F R U A N T)
```
Migraine
Family hx
Relief following sleep
Unilateral loc
Aura
Abd pain
Nausea and vomiting
Throbbing in character
```
140
Type of Migraine: Most prevalent type
Migraine without Aura
141
Type of migraine: Throbbing or pounding, and intense nausea and vomiting
Migraine without Aura
142
Type of Migraine: Light Headedness, Photophobia, Osmophobia, Phonophobia
Migraine without Aura
143
Type of Migraine: Sensory symptoms (blurred of vision, photopsia, fortification spectra)
Migraine with Aura
144
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
Migraine with Aura
145
Type of Migraine: Good prognosis in older childrena or adolescent
Hemiplegic Aura
146
Type of Migraine: Vertigo, tinnitus, diplopia, scotoma and ataxia
Basilar type Migraine
147
Type of Migraine: Altered consciousness with seizures
Basilar type Migraine
148
Type of Migraine: Complete resolution after the attack
Basilar type Migraine
149
Type of Migraine: after deep sleep, child resumes normal activity
Cyclic Vomiting
150
Type of Migraine: Complete Resolution of Symptoms between attacks
Cylic Vomiting
151
Type of Migraine: Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting and Pallor
Abdominal Migraine
152
Persistent headache lasting for more than 3 days
Status Migrainosus
153
Headache common after the onset of puberty
Tension or Stress Headache
154
Waxes and Wanes
Tension or Stress Headache
155
Band like tightness or pressure
Tension or Stress Headache
156
NOT associated with nausea and vomiting
Tension or Stress Headache
157
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Tuberous Sclerosis
| Neurofibromatosis
158
Defect in differentiation of the primitive ECTODERM
Neurofibromatosis
159
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Gene 1 encodes:
Protein HAMARTIN
160
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Gene 2 encodes:
Protein Tuberin
161
Candle Dripping Appearance
Tuberous Sclerosis
162
High Index of suspicion when assessing a child with infantile spasm
Tuberous Sclerosis
163
Ash Leaf pigmentation
Tuberous Sclerosis
164
Shagreen Patch (lumbosacral region)
Tuberous Sclerosis
165
Adolescence presents with subungual or periungual fibromas from the fingers and toes
Tuberous Sclerosis
166
Neurofibromatosis 1
Von Recklinghausen
167
Affects chromosome 17
Von Recklinghausen
168
Lisch Nodules
Von Recklinghausen
169
Café Au Lait Macules that spare the face
Von Recklinghausen
170
Axillary or Inguinal Freckling
Von Recklinghausen
171
Optic Glioma
Von Recklinghausen
172
Paroxysmal, time-limited changes in motor activity and/or behavior that result from abnormal electric activity in the brain
Seizures / Convulsions
173
Present when 2 or more unprovoked seizures occur at an interval greater than 24hrs apart
Epilepsy
174
Consciousness RETAINED seizure
Simple Seizure
175
Consciousness IMPAIRED seizure
Complex Seizures
176
Sudden cessation of motor activity or speech with a blank facial expression or flickering of the eyelids
Absence Seizures
177
Seizure that NEVER associated with an aura
Absence Seizures
178
Seizure that rarely persist longer than 30 seconds
Absence Seizures
179
Seizure that do not lose body tone
Absence Seizures
180
Seizure associated with an aura
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure
181
Seizure cause loss of sphincter control
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure
182
Repetitive seizures consisting of brief, often symmetric muscular contractions with loss of body tone and falling or slumping forward
Myoclonic Seizures
183
Hypsarrhythmia and begins at 4-5 months old
Infantile Spams
184
Management of Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures
```
P: Phenobarb
P: Phenytoin
Ca: Carbamazepine
La: Lamotrigine
Va: Valproic acid
G: Gabapentine
```
185
Management of Absence Seizures
E: Ethoxsuximide
Va: Valproic acid
186
Managment of Infantile Spasm
Vigabatrin
187
Restricted CHO and CHON
Ketogenic Diet
188
Most common seizure disorder in childhood
Febrile Seizures
189
Febrile Seizures: Peak age of onset
14 - 18 months old
190
Seizure occurs only ONCE in 24hrs
Simple Febrile Seizures
191
Focal seizures activity
Complex Febrile Seizures
192
One seizure lasting 30 minutes or multiple seizures during 30 minutes without regaining consciousness
Status Epilepticus
193
Breakthrough Seizures
Status Epilepticus
194
Drug for Status Epilepticus
Phenytoin
195
Recurrent headache with symptoms free intervals and at least 3 criteria (F R U A N T)
```
Migraine
Family hx
Relief following sleep
Unilateral loc
Aura
Abd pain
Nausea and vomiting
Throbbing in character
```
196
Type of Migraine: Most prevalent type
Migraine without Aura
197
Type of migraine: Throbbing or pounding, and intense nausea and vomiting
Migraine without Aura
198
Type of Migraine: Light Headedness, Photophobia, Osmophobia, Phonophobia
Migraine without Aura
199
Type of Migraine: Sensory symptoms (blurred of vision, photopsia, fortification spectra)
Migraine with Aura
200
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
Migraine with Aura
201
Type of Migraine: Good prognosis in older childrena or adolescent
Hemiplegic Aura
202
Type of Migraine: Vertigo, tinnitus, diplopia, scotoma and ataxia
Basilar type Migraine
203
Type of Migraine: Altered consciousness with seizures
Basilar type Migraine
204
Type of Migraine: Complete resolution after the attack
Basilar type Migraine
205
Type of Migraine: after deep sleep, child resumes normal activity
Cyclic Vomiting
206
Type of Migraine: Complete Resolution of Symptoms between attacks
Cylic Vomiting
207
Type of Migraine: Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting and Pallor
Abdominal Migraine
208
Persistent headache lasting for more than 3 days
Status Migrainosus
209
Headache common after the onset of puberty
Tension or Stress Headache
210
Waxes and Wanes
Tension or Stress Headache
211
Band like tightness or pressure
Tension or Stress Headache
212
NOT associated with nausea and vomiting
Tension or Stress Headache
213
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Tuberous Sclerosis
| Neurofibromatosis
214
Defect in differentiation of the primitive ECTODERM
Neurofibromatosis
215
In meningitis, what do you do next if Lumbar Puncture is traumatic?
Gram stain
Blood Culture
Glucose Level
216
Partial treatment of meningitis
Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime for 7-10 days
217
Drug use for H. Influenza meningitis
Dexamethasone IV
218
In meningitis, drug of choice for Penicillin-resistant
Vancomycin
219
CSF Analysis: NORMAL glucose, normal to slight increase protein and (+) LYMPHOCYTES
Viral Meningitis
220
Most common location of brain abscess
Cerebrum (80%)
221
Immune-Mediated Neuromuscular Blockade
Myasthenia Gravis
222
Myasthenia Gravis: Earliest and most constant sign
Ptosis
| Some degree of extra-ocular muscle weakness
223
SSx: Fatigue of muscles, Proximal muscle weakness, more symptomatic late in a day and life threatening (respi muscles involvement)
Myasthenia Gravis
224
Though to be the site of production of autoantibodies against Acetylcholine receptors
Thymoma
225
Acute unilateral facial nerve palsy that is not associated with other cranial neuropathies
Bell's Palsy
226
Develops abruptly about 2 weeks after a systemic viral infection (?)
Bell's Palsy
| EBV, HSV, Mumps virus
227
Acute Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
228
Post-infectious polyneuropathy involving mainly MOTOR
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
229
Landry Ascending Paralysis
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
230
Guillain-Barre Syndrome physical findings are associated with this condition
Cranial Nerve Deficits
| Miller-Fisher Syndrome
231
Acute Ophthalmoplegia, Ataxia and Areflexia
Miller-Fisher Syndrome
232
Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Last function to recover
Tendon reflex
233
Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Last to resolve
Lower Extremity Weakness
234
CSF Analysis: INCREASE protein, normal glucose, no pleocytosis
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
235
Tx for rapidly progressive ascending paralysis
IVIG 0.4gms/kg/day for 5 consecutive days
236
Guillain-Barre Syndrome for RELAPSE
High dose pulse Methylprednisolone IV
237
Static Encephalopathy
Cerebral Palsy
238
Delayed walking or walks in tiptoes
Spastic Hemiplagia
| Cerebral Palsy
239
Commando Crawl
Spastic Diplegia
| Cerebral Palsy
240
Homer-Wright Rosettes
Medulloblastoma
241
Medulloblastoma oftenly found in
Cerebellum
242
Infratentorial Tumors
Cerebellar astrocytoma
Brain stem glioma
Ependymoma
Medulloblastoma
243
Most common and with the best prognosis of infratentorial tumors
Cerebellar Astrocytoma
244
Supratentorial Tumors
Craniopharyngioma
Optic nerve glioma
Choroid plexus papilloma
Astrocytoma
245
Pressure to optic chiasma produces bitemporal visual field defects
Cranipharyngioma
246
Gray-brown adherent pseudomembrane
Diphtheria
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae
247
Bull-neck appearance
Diphtheria
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae
248
Leather-like adherent membrane
Diphtheria
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae
249
Whooping Cough
Pertussis
| Bordatella pertusis
250
Most infectious stage of pertussis
Catarrhal stage
251
Explosive outburst in series of 5-10 rapid coughs in one expiration and ending in a high pitch forceful inspiration gasp
Whooping Cough
252
CBC result of leukomoid reaction with absolute lymphocytosis
Pertussis
| Bordatella pertusis
253
Complications of Pertussis:
| H S O A P
Hemorrhage (subconjunctival / intracranial)
Seizures
Otitis media
Atelectasis, apnea, activation of latent TB
Pneumonia
