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Quick Review > Pathology - Cellular Response > Flashcards

Pathology - Cellular Response Flashcards

1
Q

Physiologic hypertrophy

A

Athletes

Pregnant uterus

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2
Q

Pathologic hypertrophy

A

Hypertension

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3
Q

Constitute an increase in the NUMBER of cells in an organ or tissue resulting into increased volume size

A

Hyperplasia

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4
Q

SHRINKAGE in the size of the cell by loss of cell substance

A

Atrophy

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5
Q

Causes of Atrophy

A 
Decreased workload
Diminished blood supply
Inadequate nutrition
Aging
Loss of endocrine stimulation
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6
Q

Reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type

A

Metaplasia

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7
Q

Example of metaplasia from squamous to columnar

A

Barrett’s esophagus

Cervix

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8
Q

DISORGANIZED cellular architecture

A

Dysplasia

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9
Q

Most common cause of injury

A

Hypoxia

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10
Q

Major cause of hypoxia

A

Ischemia
Cardiopulmonary failure
Decrease O2 carrying capacity of blood

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11
Q

Example of ischemia

A

Atherosclerosis

Thrombosis

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12
Q

Due to cell membrane injury

A

Phospholipids

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13
Q

Due to DNA damage

A

Endonucleases

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14
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

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15
Q

Pro-apoptotic

A

Bax
Bad
Bak

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16
Q

Anti-apoptotic

A

Bcl-2

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17
Q

Morphologic change that follow cell death in living tissue

A

Necrosis

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18
Q

Initiate cell death

A

Caspases

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19
Q

Caspases is initiated by

A

Cytochrome C

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20
Q

IRREVERSIBLE condensation of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell undergoing necrosis or apoptosis

A

Pyknosis or Karyopyknosis

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21
Q

FRAGMENTATION of the nucleus

A

Karyorrhexis

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22
Q

DISINTEGRATION and DISSOLUTION of a cell nucleus when a cell dies

A

Karyolysis

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23
Q

A kind of necrosis most common in solid organs

A

Coagulative necrosis

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24
Q

Preserve architecture

A

Coagulative necrosis

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25
Q

GHOST CELLS

A

Coagulative necrosis

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26
Q

Most common cause of coagulative necrosis

A

Ischemia

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27
Q

Due to digestion of enzymes

A

Liquefactive necrosis

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28
Q

Example of Liquefactive necrosis

A

Acute Cerebral Infarct

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29
Q

Cheese like appearance

A

Caseation necrosis

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30
Q

Lysed cells surrounded by inflammatory cells

A

Caseation necrosis

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31
Q

Example of Caseation necrosis

A

TB granuloma

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32
Q

Enzyme involve in fat necrosis

A

Lipase

Digest fat within the area

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33
Q

Fat + Calcium

A

Saponification

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34
Q

Most common location of fibrinoid necrosis

A

Arteries

35
Q

Main protein in blood clot

A

Fibrin

36
Q

Lack of O2 and blood supply
Overlying bacterial infection
Death of tissue

A

Wet gangrene

37
Q

Accumulation of Carbon pigments from breathing dirty air that deposited in the lungs

A

Anthracotic pigment

Microscopic Anthracotic Pigment MAP

38
Q

Most common cause of fatty change in adults

A

Alcohol

39
Q

Major organ in fat metabolism

A

Liver

40
Q

Strawberry gallbladder cause by

A

Cholesterol esters

41
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

Amyloid plaques

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

42
Q

Russel bodies

A

Multiple myeloma

43
Q

Denaturation of protein result to pink and glassy appearance

A

Hyaline change

44
Q

Deficiency in Glucocerebrosidase

A

Gaucher’s Disease

45
Q

Crumpled paper or tissue appearance

A

Gaucher Cells

46
Q

Erlenmeyer flask in ng bones (femur)

A

Gaucher’s disease

47
Q

Deficiency in Hexosamidase A

A

Tay-sach’s Disease

48
Q

Hexosamidase A accumulation of

A

Gangliosides

49
Q

Cherry Red Spot in Macula

A

Tay-sach’s Disease

50
Q

Deficient in Sphingomyelinase

A

Niemann-Pick Disease

51
Q

Foam Cells

A

Niemann-Pick Disease

52
Q

Increase in the SIZE of cells resulting to increase in the size of the organ tissue

A

Hypertrophy

53
Q

Wear and tear pigment seen in aging and malnutrition

A

Lipofuscin

54
Q

No organ damage

A

Hemosiderosis

55
Q

With organ damage

A

Hemochromatosis

56
Q

Bronze diabetes

A

Hemochromatosis

57
Q

Green-brown to black pigment

A

Bilirubin

58
Q

Hgb derived but WITHOUT iron content

A

Bilirubin

59
Q

Major bile pigment

A

Bilirubin

60
Q

Malarial pigment

A

Hematin ( Hemozoin )

61
Q

Maurers Dots

A

P. Falciparum

62
Q

Zieman’s Dot

A

P. Malariae

63
Q

James Dots

A

P. ovale

64
Q

Schuffner’s Dot

A

P. vivax

65
Q

Kayser-Flescher Rings

A

Wilson’s Disease

66
Q

Hepatolenticular degeneration due to decrease levels of CERULOPLASMIN

A

Wilson’s Disease

67
Q

Conditions with PSaMMoma bodies / Asbestos bodies

A

Papillary thyroid
Serous ovarian carcinoma
Meningioma
Mesothelioma

68
Q

Calcium deposits in non-viable or dying tissue

Normal serum calcium

A

Dystrophic calcification

69
Q

Calcium deposits in vital tissues

Increase serum calcium

A

Metastatic calcification

70
Q

Occurs as non-crystalline amorphous deposits or as hydroxyapatite crystals

A

Metastatic calcification

71
Q

Bipolar Refringence in congo red stain

A

Hyaline change

72
Q

Reactions of living tissue to injuries stimuli

A

Inflammation

73
Q

Destroy or wall of injuries agents

A

Inflammation

74
Q

Two major response of inflammation

A

Vascular

Increased vascular permeability

75
Q

Hallmark of inflammation

A

Swelling or edema

Local decreased blood circulation (stasis)

76
Q

Hallmark of early hemodynamic change; redness and warmth

A

Increase blood flow

77
Q

Hallmark of Acute Inflammation

A

Increased vascular permeability

78
Q

Decreased oxidative burst

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

79
Q

Decrease NADPH oxidase

A

Chronic Granulomatous disease

80
Q

Decreased leukocyte functions because of mutation affecting protein involved in lysosomal membrane traffic

A

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

81
Q

Membrane attack complex

A

C5b-9

82
Q

Active in Neisserial infxn

A

C5b-9

83
Q

Manna binding lectin

A

Plasma lectins

Quick Review (23 decks)

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