Pediatrics Flashcards
When does a baby have their first food other than milk?
6 months
When do the first teeth come in?
6-8 months
When does an infant perform assisted walking?
10-14 months
When does an infant perform unassisted walking?
12-18 months
When does an infant begin talking?
10-15 word vocabulary at 18 months
When does the umbilical cord fall off?
7-10 days
When does the pos. fontanelle close?
3 months
When does the ant. fontanelle close?
2 years
What does a bulging fontanelle indicate?
Intracranial pressure; possible excessive crying
What are the components of the APGAR score (10 points is perfect score)?
Appearance (color) Pulse (Heart rate) Grimace (irritability) Activity (Muscle tone) Respiration
When is the APGAR score assessed?
1 & 5 minutes
Fuzzy hair on baby skin is called what? Can be excessive when they are premature
Lanugo
1st discharge from the intestine of newborn
Meconium
Bluish, ill-defined areas of the skin in the buttock/scrotal region
Mongolian spots
What is the definition of a premature infant?
Infant born b/w 26-37th weeks & weigh less than 2500g
White cheesy substance on the baby’s skin at birth
Vernix Caseosa
Food poisoning produced by honey, corn syrup, & molasses in newborn
Botulism
Baby’s head has an unusual shape d/t swelling of the scalp; considered a benign condition
Caput Succedeum
Similar to seborrheic dermatitis in an adult
Cradle cap
Bedwetting is AKA
Enuresis
This presents w/ delayed growth, microcephaly, retardation, & infranasal depression
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Kwashiorkor (assoc. w/ ascites) is caused by what?
Protein malnutrition
M/C cancer in children & Down’s syndrome
Leukemia
General malnutrition is AKA what?
Marasmus
“Prickly heat” is assoc. w/ what?
Miliaria from sweat glands
Prolapsed cord is assoc. w/ what?
fetal suffocation
This prevents hemorrhage in newborns
Vit. K
Maculopapular rash that last for a short time & also mild fever. Danger to the fetus in the 1st trimester b/c it may result in birth defects
Rubella AKA German Measles AKA 3 Day Measles
This ds has a prodromal stage of coryza (runny nose) & Koplic spots on the buccal mucosa. Lasts 2 wks & presents w/ a maculopapular rash & high fever. The M/C serious complication is bronchopneumonia
Rubeola
Maculopapular rash caused by same herpes virus that produces herpes zoster
Chicken Pox
A mild ds in children & adults located in the parotid gland that can produce orchitis
Mumps
Childhood ds charac. by a resonant barking cough; laryngeal spasm may have a membrane
Croup
Caused by Bordetella Pertussis. Most dangerous to infants under one years & fatalities are d/t bronchopneumonia (death by anoxia)
Pertussis AKA Whooping Cough
A gray pseudomembrane on the throat & diagnosed w/ Schick Test
Diphtheria (Caused by Corybacterium Diphtheria)
Caused by Group A Strep Pyogenes. Results in desquamation (peeling) of the superficial layer also assoc. w/ strawberry tongue, ASO titer
Scarlet Fever
Rash starts on the trunk & goes to the extremities. The rash comes out when the fever breaks.
Roseola Infantum
Reflex that occurs by stroking the corner of the mouth; the infant’s mouth will open & turn to the side that was touched; most basic primitive reflex originating from the brain stem
Rooting Reflex
Reflex elicited by placing a finger or nipple in the mouth of the newborn; stimulates oxytocin release
Sucking Reflex
Reflex where Dr. rotates head of a supine baby & the ipsilateral arm & leg extended while the contralateral arm & leg flex
Tonic Neck Reflex
Reflex where the arms & legs flare out to the side in response to loud sound & are then brought back into the body; sensory integrations
Moro AKA Startle Reflex
Reflex where the infant should attempt to raise the head & arch the back when placed in a prone position
Landau Reflex
