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Part II/III Board Review > Misc. Stuff That I Don't Know Where Else To Put > Flashcards

Misc. Stuff That I Don't Know Where Else To Put Flashcards

1
Q

Study of ds in population groups

A

Epidemiology

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2
Q

Number of new cases of a ds

A

Incidence

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3
Q

Length of life

A

Life span

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4
Q

Average length of life for groups

A

Life expectancy

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5
Q

Number of people w/ ds

A

Morbidity (aka prevalence)

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6
Q

Number of people that die from a ds

A

Mortality

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7
Q

Both prevalence & incidence

A

Frequency

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8
Q

Determines difference in risk b/w two groups

A

Risk difference

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9
Q

Exposed risk vs unexposed risk

A

Risk ratio AKA relative risk

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10
Q

The ds rate in exposed subjects

A

Attributable risk

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11
Q

Founded in 1892 & is the largest, most diverse public health organization of health professionals in the world

A

American Public Health Assoc. (AHPA)

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12
Q

Length of time from exposure to expression of a ds

A

Incubation

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13
Q

Infections that are carried in & transmitted by humans

A

Anthrponoses

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14
Q

The subtle changes in influenza HA protein epitope that lead to annual epidemics & create the need for a new vaccine each year

A

Antigenic drift

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15
Q

Antigenic markers to which immune system responds

A

Epitope

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16
Q

Strength of ds

A

Virulence

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17
Q

A distinct group of people who have something in common

A

Cohort

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18
Q

DAST stands for what?

A

Drug Abuse Screening Test

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19
Q

Form of reasoning in which conclusion are formulated about particulars from general or universal premises

A

Deductive

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20
Q

Average number of times in multiple testing that one expects to obtain a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed

A

E-value

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21
Q

Form of reasoning in which a generalized conclusion is formulated from particular instances

A

Inductive

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22
Q

Average score w/i a distribution

A

Mean

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23
Q

Measure of variation that indicates average deviation of scores in a distribution from the mean

A

Mean deviation

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24
Q

Center score in a distribution

A

Median

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25
Q

Most frequent score in a distribution

A

Mode

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26
Q

Chance a phenomena has of occurring randomly. A statistical measure.

A

Probability (“p” factor)

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27
Q

Value of statistical significance of testing. Does not represent probability

A

P-value

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28
Q

Extent to which a measure, procedure or instrument yields the same result on repeated trials

A

Reliability

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29
Q

Compare to past evaluations

A

Retrospective

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30
Q

Measure of variation that indicates typical distance b/w scores of a distribution & the mean

A

Standard deviation

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31
Q

Degree to which a study accurately reflects or assesses specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure

A

Validity

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32
Q

reviews reports of all public health assessments before information is disclosed to the public

A

Agency for Toxic Substance & Disease Registry

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33
Q

Special US EPA list of national hazardous waste sites

A

National Priorities List

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34
Q

The Clean Air Act was passed in what year?

A

1970

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35
Q

The EPA was established in what year?

A

1970

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36
Q

The WHO says how many people lack safe water?

A

1 Billion

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37
Q

Clean Water Act was passed what year?

A

1972

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38
Q

Safe Drinking Water Act was passed what year?

A

1974

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39
Q

Drinking water is AKA

A

Potable water

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40
Q

Hard water (Mg++, Ca++) causes an increase in what?

A

Heart disease

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41
Q

Sewage tx process to clarify water by removing turbidity

A

Flocculation

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42
Q

What are the M/C flocculent agents?

A

Aluminum, Iron, & Calcium

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43
Q

Sewage tx process that prevents coagulation & clumping

A

Deflocculation

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44
Q

Commercial use of microbes to break down pollutants in soil & water. Pseudomonas & Bacillus M/C agents used

A

Bioremediation

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45
Q

Radon in soil can cause what, especially if inhaled?

A

Cancer

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46
Q

Fastest growing cancer in women?

A

Thyroid cancer

47
Q

Found in processed meat, this compound makes meat “red” longer. It’s carcinogenic

A

Sodium nitrate

48
Q

Anopheles Mosquito is the vector for what ds?

A

Malaria

49
Q

Fleas are the vector for what ds?

A

Plaque (yersinia pestis)

50
Q

Deer tick is the vector for what ds?

A

Lyme’s

51
Q

Mosquito is the vector for what ds?

A

West nile virus

52
Q

TORCHS is an acronym for perinatal (in utero) diseases. What does it stand for?

A 
Toxoplasmosis
Other (HIV, varicella zoster)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex
Syphilis
53
Q

Type of Influenza that is most linked to pandemics & is most virulent to date?

A

Influenza A

54
Q

M/C psychoactive drug in US?

A

Alcohol

55
Q

M/C illicit drug used?

A

Marijuana

56
Q

Drug abuse is M/C in what age range?

A

18-20

57
Q

This group is run by the Department of Labor, enforces laws in the workplace

A

OSHA

58
Q

Part of Department of Health & Human Services, researches & creates occupational laws

A

National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH)

59
Q

What are the M/C causes of death in infants?

A

Congenital
Premature
Birth
SIDS

60
Q

What are the M/C causes of death in children?

A

Car accidents
Drowning
Fire

61
Q

What is the M/C cause of work-related death in adults?

A

Cancer (asbestosis)

62
Q

What are the M/C causes of death in the elderly?

A

Heart

Cancer

63
Q

Unit used to identify irradiation of pts. Measures the radiation energy absorbed

A

Radiation Absorbed Dose (RAD)

64
Q

This unit is typically applied to occupationally exposed persons. Identifies the biological effectiveness of the radiation absorbed. Measured on radiation workers by a photosensitive badge worn on the collar

A

Radiation Equivalent Man (REM) (1 RAD = 1 REM)

65
Q

The number of REMs a person can get in a lifetime w/o getting radiation poisoning. 5 REMS (RADs) is the safe limit per year

A

Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD)

66
Q

What is the formula for MPD?

A

MPD = 5(age-18)

67
Q

This is caused by the fluctuation of the number of photons absorbed by the intensifying screens to form the image on the film

A

Quantum Mottle AKA radiographic noise

68
Q

Sensory impulses from the periphery to the pos. horn of the spinal cord.

A

Afferent

69
Q

The perception of pain from a normally non-painful stimulus

A

Allodynia

70
Q

Pathological fusion of bones across a joint

A

Ankylosis

71
Q

Made up of any two vertebral bodies & an intervertebral disc; weight bearing

A

Anterior Motion Segment

72
Q

Type II nerve injury. Physical disruption of the axon w/ Wallerian degeneration results in temporary paralysis & sensory changes. Intact sheath of Schwann allows recovery in weeks to months. partial reaction of degeneration.

A

Axonotmesis

73
Q

Release from damaged muscle tissue; inflammatory process & sensitizes nociceptors

A

Bradykinin

74
Q

Small, slow, non-myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation; nociceptors

A

C fibers

75
Q

Viscoelastic material deforms w/ time when it is subjected to a constant applied load

A

Creep

76
Q

Seen in nerve root compression; pain pattern follows course of a dermatome; sharp burning pain; radicular pain

A

Dermatogenous Pain Pattern

77
Q

Motor impulses from the ant. horn of the spinal cord to the periphery

A

Efferent

78
Q

Increase in afferent stimuli causes a decreased threshold for firing. Continued stimulation results in hyperactive responses

A

Facilitation

79
Q

Receptors located at the end of muscles that detect muscle tension. Inhibits muscle contraction when stimulated

A

Golgi Tendon Organ

80
Q

Tx’s pts w/ heavily diluted preparations which are thought to cause effects similar to the symptoms presented

A

Homeopathy

81
Q

Presence of excess blood in the vessels supplying a particular region of the body hyperactive responses (hypersympathicotonia)

A

Hyperemia

82
Q

Loss of energy during cyclic loading & unloading of a viscoelastic substance i.e. jumping

A

Hysteresis

83
Q

Intra-articular synovial tabs; may prevent a joint from having full mobility

A

Meniscoid

84
Q

A receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fibers

A

Muscle spindle

85
Q

Type I nerve injury. A local nerve conduction block (nerve pressure or blunt trauma) w/ no physical disruption of the axon results in transient paralysis, slight sensory changes, & no reaction of degeneration. Recovery is usually in hours to days.

A

Neuropraxis

86
Q

Type III nerve injury. Partial or complete severance of the nerve. Full reaction of degeneration w/ no recovery possible

A

Neurotmesis

87
Q

Articular facets; responsible for directional guidance; mechanoreceptors & nociceptors surround this

A

Posterior Motion Segment

88
Q

Pain originating from a sclerotome. Commonly seen in injury to the facets or SI joint; pain is dull in nature; poorly localized

A

Sclerotogenous Pain Pattern

89
Q

Free nerve ending that provides afferent supply to fascia, ligs, periosteum, intervertebral joints, & intervertebral disc. Goes to PLL, Lig. Flava, ant. dura but NOT to the ALL

A

Sinu-vertebral Nerve AKA recurrent meningeal nerve

90
Q

Essentially regers to skin, bone, nerve, & muscle

A

Soma (Somatic)

91
Q

Related to growth & nutrition

A

Trophic

92
Q

The principle that maintains the laws of physics & chemistry can’t explain the nature of life

A

Vitalism

93
Q

Law having to do w/ bone remodeling d/t stress

A

Wolff’s Law

94
Q

The trunk of a nerve sends branches to a particular muscle, the joint moved by the muscle & the skin overlying the insertion of the muscle. Altered nerve activity to a muscle may be assoc. w/ altered nerve activity to the segmentally related spinal joints

A

Hilton’s Law

95
Q

Increased epiphyseal pressure leads to decreased growth & vice versa i.e. Scheuermann’s Disease

A

Heuter Volkmann’s Law

96
Q

Ant. horn of the cord is motor while the pos. horn is sensory (law)

A

Bell-Magendie

97
Q

The sensation perceived by the examiner during passive range of motion of a joint

A

End feel

98
Q

The normal resistance felt when joint motion is restricted by soft tissue (elbow flexion)

A

Soft Tissue Approximation

99
Q

An abrupt halt as two hard surfaces meet. Full ROM has been achieved (elbow ext)

A

Bony end feel

100
Q

Guarded, resisted by muscular contraction. Should feel muscle reaction. End feel can’t be asserted b/c of pain or guarding. Possible contraindication to adjusting (torticollis)

A

Spasm

101
Q

Perceived as a hard arrest w/ a slight give. May indicate a sub-acute to chronic arthritis (RA)

A

Capsular feel

102
Q

Slight “rebound” at the end of range of motion may suggest an internal derangement of the joint as in a meniscus tear (+bounce home test)

A

Springy Block

103
Q

Pain is felt by the pt before full ROM is achieved. Suggests possible pathology (bursitis, abscess, or neoplasm)

A

Empty feel

104
Q

A written report on the details of a series of related cases

A

Case series

105
Q

A written report on the details of a single case

A

Case study

106
Q

A study that reviews events that have already occurred

A

Prospective study

107
Q

A prospective longitudinal study in which pts are divided into two or more groups on a randomized basis

A

Randomized control

108
Q

The proportion of times a diagnostic procedure is correct in a pt w/o a specific dx

A

Specificity

109
Q

The degree to which an observation or measurement provides an indication of the true state of the phenomena being measured

A

Validity

110
Q

The consistency of a measurement when repeated

A

Reliability

111
Q

The proportion of times a diagnostic study is correct in pts w/o a specific dx

A

Sensitivity

112
Q

The proportion of a clearly defined group, initially free of a condition, that develops it over a period of time

A

Incidence

113
Q

Proportion of a population having a particular condition

A

Prevalence

Part II/III Board Review (15 decks)

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