PCP and Ketamine

Question 1

Phencyclidine and ketamine are what type of drug?

Answer 1

Designer drug
-dissociative anesthetic hallucinogen

can be quantified as either a depressant and hallucinogen however some stimulant properties

separates perception from sensation
-euphoric properties not well understood

Question 2

What were these drugs used for?

Answer 2

Designed for surgery, however side-effects only apparent after put into use

schedule 2 in USA and schedule 1 in canada

used in psychiatric research to study schizophrenia

effects: Catalepsy, amnesia, analgesic

Question 3

Ketamine

Answer 3

Street name k

intake: insufflation, inhalation, injected

Question 4

Phencyclidine

Answer 4

Street name PCP angel dust ozone

Intake: insufflation, inhalation

Question 5

Embalming fluid

Answer 5

Embalming fluid: a yellow oil solution that cigarettes or joints are dipped in

Question 6

Angel dust

Answer 6

Crystals ground and sprinkled on oregano parsley alfalfa and smoked

killer joints, shems, mixed with weed

Question 7

PCP and K

Low dosage

Answer 7

Serotonin and dopamine
reuptake inhibitor
(disengaging that reuptake transporter

partial agonist
(5-HT2a, D2)

Question 8

PCP and K

High dosage

Answer 8

Acetylcholine

antagonist
-nicotinic:muscle contractions

muscarinic:
-memory deficits, arousal, analgesia

Question 9

PCP and K

Similarities in both

Answer 9

NMDA (glutamate) receptor

antagonist
-long term potentiation: lasting strengthening of synaptic connections due to repeated firing

-disrupts LTP by emulating “stopper” signal resulting in disordered learning

Question 10

PCP and K

effects

Low dose

Answer 10

<5 mg
drunk like state, numbness in extremities
anesthetic

Question 11

PCP and K

effects

moderate

Answer 11

5-10mg
dissociation

disconnectedness from environment, dissociativeness from body/body distortion
depressant effects

Question 12

PCP and K

effects

High

Answer 12

> 10mg: sympathomimetic, hallucinations

K:keyhole experience simulating near death

lingering schizophrenic like symptoms (up to 2 months)

delusions, paranoia, disordered thinking, catalepsies micro/macroscopia

(results support glutamate hypothiese of schizophrenia

stimulant effects

Question 13

PCP and K effects (3)

Answer 13

Effects
Superhuman stength and invulnerability
-analgesia allows for excessive exertion
-results in sever physical injury to self

megalomania

• delusional fantasies of omnipotence power perceptoon and the belief in a god like status
  k: pathological decreased fear of death (results from chronic prolonged use

Long term depression
-chronic antagonism of glutamate receptors leads to deficits in memory, speech, logic, and MDD-like symptoms

Schizophrenic like psychoisi

Question 14

PCP and K

tolerance

Answer 14

Separation of administration by days prevents tolerance

prolonged regular intake requires higher doses to achieve effects
(accrued: chronic K injection results in permanent tolerance to psychedelic effects)

Question 15

PCP and K

Dependance

Answer 15

Physical

PCP: effects on dopamine centers
unsure if withdrawl symptoms associated with brain damage or not

K: No physical dependance documanted

Psychological
cravings have been observed, related to euphoria

Question 16

K psychedelic therapy

Answer 16

used to treat depression

results: one dose of K resulted in alleviation of depressive symptoms within an hour lasting more than a week

suicidal ideation diminished in 40 mins

confounded with dissociative measures however could be sooner

Glucocoritcoid theroy
inhibition of glutamate at NMDA allows for glutamate to bind elsewhere and facilitate BDNF