PCP and Ketamine Flashcards
Phencyclidine and ketamine are what type of drug?
Designer drug
-dissociative anesthetic hallucinogen
can be quantified as either a depressant and hallucinogen however some stimulant properties
separates perception from sensation
-euphoric properties not well understood
What were these drugs used for?
Designed for surgery, however side-effects only apparent after put into use
schedule 2 in USA and schedule 1 in canada
used in psychiatric research to study schizophrenia
effects: Catalepsy, amnesia, analgesic
Ketamine
Street name k
intake: insufflation, inhalation, injected
Phencyclidine
Street name PCP angel dust ozone
Intake: insufflation, inhalation
Embalming fluid
Embalming fluid: a yellow oil solution that cigarettes or joints are dipped in
Angel dust
Crystals ground and sprinkled on oregano parsley alfalfa and smoked
killer joints, shems, mixed with weed
PCP and K
Low dosage
Serotonin and dopamine
reuptake inhibitor
(disengaging that reuptake transporter
partial agonist
(5-HT2a, D2)
PCP and K
High dosage
Acetylcholine
antagonist
-nicotinic:muscle contractions
muscarinic:
-memory deficits, arousal, analgesia
PCP and K
Similarities in both
NMDA (glutamate) receptor
antagonist
-long term potentiation: lasting strengthening of synaptic connections due to repeated firing
-disrupts LTP by emulating “stopper” signal resulting in disordered learning
PCP and K
effects
Low dose
<5 mg
drunk like state, numbness in extremities
anesthetic
PCP and K
effects
moderate
5-10mg
dissociation
disconnectedness from environment, dissociativeness from body/body distortion
depressant effects
PCP and K
effects
High
> 10mg: sympathomimetic, hallucinations
K:keyhole experience simulating near death
lingering schizophrenic like symptoms (up to 2 months)
delusions, paranoia, disordered thinking, catalepsies micro/macroscopia
(results support glutamate hypothiese of schizophrenia
stimulant effects
PCP and K effects (3)
Effects
Superhuman stength and invulnerability
-analgesia allows for excessive exertion
-results in sever physical injury to self
megalomania
- delusional fantasies of omnipotence power perceptoon and the belief in a god like status
k: pathological decreased fear of death (results from chronic prolonged use
Long term depression
-chronic antagonism of glutamate receptors leads to deficits in memory, speech, logic, and MDD-like symptoms
Schizophrenic like psychoisi
PCP and K
tolerance
Separation of administration by days prevents tolerance
prolonged regular intake requires higher doses to achieve effects
(accrued: chronic K injection results in permanent tolerance to psychedelic effects)
PCP and K
Dependance
Physical
PCP: effects on dopamine centers
unsure if withdrawl symptoms associated with brain damage or not
K: No physical dependance documanted
Psychological
cravings have been observed, related to euphoria