Cocaine Flashcards
What is cocaines chemical formula?
Alkaloid
What is its botanical origin?
Coca
What are its related NT’s
Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Dopamine
Administration
Chewing (leaf) tea
What are its effects
alleviates fatigue, appetite suppressant
reduce pain
Administration?
Inhaled and insufflated/injected
Inhaled 3 different ways its processed
Paste: leaves mixed with organic solvent (karosine/gas) smoked with tabacco –> toxic
Freebase: extract into solvent (ether) explosive
crack: mixed with baking soda and water -> cheap (safer)
Insufflated/ injected
Hydrocholride: salt form of freebase
potency increase with successive extractions
reuptake inhibitor?
mesolimbic Dopamine pathway
What does the mesolimbic dopamine pathway do?
Blocks transporter protein
results in post synaptic reactivation
feeling of pleasure, acute doses: positive symptoms schizophrenia
What are the problems that arise with this? what does limbic imply?
Limbic implies emotion
1) dopamine is rewarding (motivating), but is difficult to disentangle from emotions
2) euphoria is induced by actue doses, implying a different (emotional) mechanism
More problems with the reuptake inhibitor of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway?
Dopamine transporter ANTAGONIST do not induce the same behavioural effects as cocaine
What is CART
Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript
Neuromodulator produced after what is triggered
Psychostimulation
cocaine and amphetamine regulate the Transcription how?
the transcription is Storeed in vesicles along with dopamine increase release
when alone induces locomotor activity, with dopamine prevent increase
also induces results similar to what?
Starvation (hypothalamus)
responsible for decrease in eating behaviours
-possibly related to serotonin
cocaine acts as a Antagonist, How?
Blocks sodium channels
-no electric propagation
-anesthesia
constricts vasculature
Cocaines short term effects. (3)
Enhanced self esteem/confidence giddiness arousal, motor activation, euphoria increased talkativeness disinhibition
Cocaines long term effect (4)
Anxiety/depression
-down regulation in limbic system
Motor problems/tremor
-down regulation in midbrain
death from psychosis-related or depression related to suicide
-implies motivation and disinhibition still in effect
Delay discounting
-outcomes are evaluated differently because of time delay ($5 today or $10 tomorrow)
Cocaine tolerance
“Acute”
(3)
Acute : pronounced primary effect.
Coke out: subsequent administration does not illicit same effect over 10-12 hours (immediate tolerance)
freeze: psychic numbing followed by exhilaration/well-being
Let down depression: occurs after 1st dose as a result of coke out
emotional uplifting
serotonin linked to “liking” happens after coke out
cocaine tolerance “Physiological”
-Slows
heart-rate/blood pressure
high incidence of 1st time over-dosing
emulates sympathetic nervous system
