ADHD Flashcards
ADHD is what type of disorder
Developmental and neuropsychiatric disorder
Developmental disorder is what?
Impairment of growth/development -child onset adult onset not well documented confound with substance use -Temporal contiguity start and consequence
Neuropsychiatric disorder is what?
Neurological abnormality resulting in impaired ability to function
-anatomically based
differentiate from emotional/cognitive disruption ( i.e. “acting out”, frustration, ODD)
What are the 3 subtypes?
ADHD predominantly inattentive (“ADD”)
ADHA predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
ADHD combined
ADHD predominantly inattentive (“ADD”) symptoms
Distracted, disorganized, forgetful, poor concentration, day dreaming
executive function, memory, attention -> inattention
ADHA predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
Symptoms
Fidgety/restlessness, hyperactive, difficulty waiting and remaining seated, immature behaviours
motor and behavioural inhibition
cognitive alertness
ADHD combined symptoms
Combination of former two
*Most common type
Hyperactivity refers to what?
Brain function not behavioural description
ADHD
Vigilant concentration refers to what?
Staying on task
monitoring rules, updating the system response execution
reticular activating system; Locus coeruleus + Basal forebrain
-Norepinephrine
reticular activating system; Locus coeruleus + Basal forebrain
is involved in what?
-Norepinephrine
continuous excessive mental work loads
less NT= less perseverance
lack of “reward dependance” sensitivity to reward
ADHD Cognitive alertness is involved in what?
Orienting (“noticing”)
Detection: Monitoring, reaction
sensory awareness
-inability to ignore stimuli
Mesolimbic/mesocortical pathway
-dopamine
motivational significance to stimuli associated with reward
set a value on reward
ADHD Hyperfocus is what?
Intensive concentration on interesting and non-routine activities accompanied by temporarily diminished perception of the environment
- cannot understand how time passes “hypnotic spell”
- aware of thing they ignore but cannot give up what they are doing
- prefrontal activation in word fluency
- depleted serotonin
Stimulants
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) what is it?
characteristics?
Phenethylamine
reuptake inhibitor
-dopamine and norepinephrine
More potent inhibitor than cocaine
- more dopamine available
- enters the brain more slowly
- No euphoria
- less abuse potential
Stimulants
(Dextro)Amphetamines
characteristics
Agonist - dopamine transporter is reversed ( dumps out dopamine) -leaky vesicles allows more dopamine to be dumped - Norepinephrine and dopamine
** levo known to induce euphoria
What way does does dex spin
right
Psychostimulant without vasoconstriction in body
body predominantly left rotating
