Hallucination Psilysibin Flashcards
Psilocybin street name
Shrooms
How many species?
how can you identify them?
200 that have psilocybin
blue stem?
Intake
Ingestion
injection reduces “high” time by half
what is active in them?
The metabolite psilocin
first pass metabolism
Characteristics?
Libid-soluble indole similar to LSD (Tryptamine)
qualitive differences in drug effects
Low
High
Low: (4-5 mg) social, warm down to earth feelings (less confusion, more grounded with self
high: 15+mg resemble LSD, but extremely prone to Bad trips
problem highs 2-5 hrs despite does
Psilocybin effects
Similar to LSD but less intense
Psilocybin effects
partial agonist
Serotonin
Serotonin (5-HT2A)
- effects: distort time perception, timing, and rhythm
- subjective feeling of slowing down
- time passes slower
- inability to coordinate with any tempo above 2-2.5 seconds (prefrontal cortex)
- at low doses, increase in sense of humour (insula?)
Psilocybin effects
partial agonist
dopamine
Basal ganglia
- speculation: this might involve timed performance
- problem: No affinity for the D2 receptor
- may relate to the “permissive” hypothesis
- speculation: responsible for relaxed feelings at low doses
Psilocybin Abuse Potential:
Tolerance
Acute
Acute:
4-7 days to dissipate
-more than once a week results in diminished effects
Psilocybin Abuse Potential:
Tolerance
Cross tolerance
-LSD and phenethylamine
Psilocybin Abuse Potential:
Tolerance
potentiation
MAO inhibitors prolong the high
-potential “complication for MDD
Psilocybin Abuse Potential:
dependance
No observable dependance
Psilocybin Abuse Potential:
Indirect effect
Death as a result of mushroom misidentification
Therapeutic use
Reduction of 5-HT2a receptors
Therapeutic use
Reduction of 5-HT2a receptors
alleviation of what>
OCD symptoms
Therapeutic use
Reduction of 5-HT2a receptors
Anxiolutics is what?
Reduction occurs even after high doses
-implies biochemical, not emotional effect
Therapeutic use
Reduction of 5-HT2a receptors
what was the “good friday” experiment
- increase mystical/spiritual meaning, positive changes in attitude/behaviour
- effects can be seen for weeks/mounths after treatment
- higher effectiveness, lower chances of toxixity, no known side effects
- evidence for similar effects with LSD except with siminished likelihood for bad trips
Ibotenic Acid
characteristics
No street name
structurally similar to Glutamate
-non-selective glutamate receptor agonist
Functionally similar to acetylcholine
- Agonist to NMDA
- metabolite Musciol also active
Ibotenic Acid
characteristics
Ingested (~1hr)
Subjective effect
objective
Euphoria, vivid coloured hallucinations
Sedation, Dissociation
- Excitotoxicity leading to brain-damage causes subjective effects
- injection used in lesion-dependant research
Ibotenic Acid
characteristics
Dextromethorphan does what?
Protects against exitotoxicity
- low-affinity binding antagonism
- implied sililar mechanism
