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Pharm Unit 6: AntiMicrobials > PCNs > Flashcards

PCNs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of all penicillins?

A

Prevent transpeptidation (cross linking) of peptidoglycan layers of the cell wall by binding to penicillin binding proteins

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2
Q

What are the natural penicillins?

A

Penicillin V, and Penicillin G

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3
Q

What is the route for Penicillin V and Penicillin G?

A

Penicillin V: PO

Penicillin G: IV and PO

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4
Q

What non-beta-lactamase producing gram positive bacteria are natural penicillins effective against?

A

Streptococci

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5
Q

What anaerobes are natural penicillins effective against?

A
  1. Actinomyces
  2. Prevotella
  3. Peptostreptococci
  4. Clostridium (not dificile)
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6
Q

What gram negative bacteria are natural penicillins effective against?

A
  1. Neisseria
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7
Q

What treponema pallidium are natural penicillins effective against?

A
  1. Syphilis
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8
Q

What are the common clinical uses for natural penicillins?

A 
1. Strep infections
A. Pharyngitis
B. Cellulitis
C. Endocarditis
2. Syphilis
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9
Q

What are the SE of natural penicillins?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity

2. Seizures at high doses

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10
Q

What are the antistaphylococcal PCNs?

A
  1. Oxacillin
  2. Nafcillin
  3. Dicloxicillin
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11
Q

What are the routes for Oxacillin, Nafcillin, and Dicloxicillin?

A
  1. Oxacillin: IV
  2. Nafcillin: IV
  3. Dicloxicillin: PO
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12
Q

What agents are the antistaphylococcal PCNs effective against?

A
  1. MSSA

2. Streptococci

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13
Q

What are the clinical uses for Oxacillin, Nafcillin, and Dicloxicillin?

A
  1. MSSA infections: superior to vanco for MSSA infections
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14
Q

What are the SE of Oxacillin, Nafcillin, and Dicloxicillin?

A
  1. Oxacillin: hepatotoxicity, neutropenia

2. Nafcillin: hepatotoxicity, neutropenia, thrombophlebitis

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15
Q

What are the aminopenicillins?

A
  1. Ampicillin

2. Amoxicillin

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16
Q

What are the routes for ampicillin and Amoxicillin?

A
  1. Ampicillin: IV

2. Amoxicillin: PO

17
Q

What gram positive agents are ampicillin and Amoxicillin effective against?

A
  1. Streptococci
  2. Enterococci
  3. Listeria
18
Q

What gram negative agents are ampicillin and Amoxicillin effective against?

A
  1. Non-beta lactamase producing Haemophilus

2. E. Coli: resistance is 40-50%

19
Q

What other agents are ampicillin and Amoxicillin effective against?

A

Oral anaerobes

20
Q

What are the clinical uses for ampicillin and Amoxicillin?

A
  1. Otitis media
  2. URIs
  3. UTIs
  4. Endocarditis from enterococci: IV ampicillin
  5. Listeria meningitis: IV ampicillin
21
Q

What are the SE of ampicillin and Amoxicillin?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity
  2. Rash
  3. GI
22
Q

What are the extended spectrum PCN-B-lactamase inhibitor combination meds?

A
  1. Amoxicillin/clavulanate: Augmentin

2. Pipercillin/tazobactam: Zosyn

23
Q

What are the routes for Amoxicillin/clavulanate: Augmentin

and Pipercillin/tazobactam: Zosyn?

A
  1. Amoxicillin/clavulanate: Augmentin: PO

2. Pipercillin/tazobactam: Zosyn: IV

24
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for Amoxicillin/clavulanate: Augmentin
and Pipercillin/tazobactam: Zosyn?

A
  1. Retained activity against strep and enterococci
  2. improved activity against MSSA
  3. Improved activity against gram negative rods (E. coli)
  4. Improved activity against B. fragilis
  5. ONLY zosyn has activity against pseuodmonas
25
Q

What agents do Amoxicillin/clavulanate: Augmentin

and Pipercillin/tazobactam: Zosyn has poor activity against?

A
  1. MRSA

2. Extended spectrum B-lactamase producing gram negative rods

26
Q

What are the clinical uses for Amoxicillin/clavulanate: Augmentin
and Pipercillin/tazobactam: Zosyn?

A 
1. Mixed infections
A. Intr-abdominal infections
B. Diabetic foot problems
C. Nosocomial pneumonia: zosyn
D. Aspiration pneumonia
27
Q

What are the SE of Amoxicillin/clavulanate: Augmentin

and Pipercillin/tazobactam: Zosyn?

A
  1. Amoxicillin/clavulanate: Augmentin
    A. Diarrhea
  2. Pipercillin/tazobactam: Zosyn
    A. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia

Pharm Unit 6: AntiMicrobials (15 decks)

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