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Pharm Unit 6: AntiMicrobials > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Dalbavancin (dalvance) misc

A

IV only

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2
Q

Penicillin G; penicillin V Class

A

Penicillins (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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3
Q

oxacillin; dicloxacillin Class

A

anti-staphylococcal pencillins

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4
Q

Ampicillin; amoxicillin Class

A

Aminopenicillin (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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5
Q

Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate) Class

A

Combination therapy penicillins

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6
Q

Cefazolin; cephalexin (keflex) Class

A

1st generation cephalosporin (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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7
Q

Cefuroxime (ceftin); cefoxitin (mefoxin) Class

A

2nd generation cephalosporin (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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8
Q

Ceftazadime (fortaz); cefpodoxime (vantin); ceftriaxone (rocephin) Class

A

3rd generation cephalosporin (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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9
Q

Cefepime (Maxipime) Class

A

4th generation cephalosporin (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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10
Q

Ceftaroline (Teflaro) Class

A

5th generation cephalosporin

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11
Q

Imipenem Class

A

Carbapenam (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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12
Q

Aztreonam (Azactam) Class

A

Monobactam (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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13
Q

Vancomycin Class

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (Glycopeptide)

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14
Q

Daptomycin Class

A

Cell wall toxin (cyclic lipopeptide)

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15
Q

Dalbavancin (dalvance) Class

A

lipoglycopeptides

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16
Q

Ciprofloxacin (cipro) Class

A

1st generation fluoroquinolone / Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor

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17
Q

Levofloxacin (levaquin) Class

A

2nd generation fluoroquinolone / Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor

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18
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl) Class

A

Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (Nitroimidazole)

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19
Q

Gentamicin (gentak); tobramycin (tobrex) Class

A

Aminoglycoside / Protein synthesis inhibitor

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20
Q

Doxycycline; tetracycline Class

A

Tetracycline / Protein synthesis inhibitor

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21
Q

Clindamycin Class

A

Protein synthesis inhibitors

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22
Q

Azithromycin (Z pack); clarithromycin (biaxin); erythromycin Class

A

Macrolide /Protein synthesis inhibitors

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23
Q

Linezolid (Zyvox) Class

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

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24
Q

Penicillin G; penicillin V Therapies

A

Streptococcal species (except pneumococcus), mouth anaerobes; Syphilis; no Staph coverage

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25
Q

oxacillin; dicloxacillin Therapies

A

MSSA & streptococci

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26
Q

Ampicillin; amoxicillin Therapies

A

Streptococcus (DoC for Enterococcus); mouth anaerobes; E. coli, listeria

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27
Q

Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate) Therapies

A

S. aureus, gut anaerobes, all Haemophilus (resistance via production of penicllinases)

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28
Q

Cefazolin; cephalexin (keflex) Therapies

A

S. aureus; strep (excluding entero); E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella; mouth anaerobes

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29
Q

Cefuroxime (ceftin); cefoxitin (mefoxin) Therapies

A

S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, E.coli, Klebsiella, B. fragilis

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30
Q

Ceftazadime (fortaz); cefpodoxime (vantin); ceftriaxone (rocephin) Therapies

A

pseudomona aeuginosa, enteric gram-negative bacteria, streptococci, MSSA

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31
Q

Cefepime (Maxipime) Therapies

A

enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas, MSSA, S. pneumoniae

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32
Q

Ceftaroline (Teflaro) Therapies

A

MRSA, MSSA, streptococci, enterbacteriaceae, H. influenza

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33
Q

Imipenem Therapies

A

Broadest of all antibacterials (except MRSA); used mostly in ICUs (patients have high density of resistant organisms)

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34
Q

Aztreonam (Azactam) Therapies

A

enterobacteriaceae & pseudomonas

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35
Q

Vancomycin Therapies

A

G+s only (usually only MRSA, coagulase(-) staph, aminopen(r) enterococcus); oral utility against metronidazole(r) C. difficile

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36
Q

Daptomycin Therapies

A

G+ cocci only; use for VRE, VRSA

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37
Q

Dalbavancin (dalvance) Therapies

A

MRSA, MSSA, Strep, clostridium perfringens, c.difficile

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38
Q

Ciprofloxacin (cipro) Therapies

A

P. aeruginose, S. aureus, mycobacterium

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39
Q

Levofloxacin (levaquin) Therapies

A

s. pneumonia, e. coli, klebsiella, proteus

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40
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl) Therapies

A

B. fragilis, C. difficile, trichomonas

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41
Q

Gentamicin (gentak); tobramycin (tobrex) Therapies

A

enterococcus, pseudomonas, enterobacteriaceae

42
Q

Doxycycline; tetracycline Therapies

A

borrelia burgdorferi, s. pneumonia, CA-MRSA, neiserria, rickettsia

43
Q

Clindamycin Therapies

A

All anaerobic bacteria (EXCEPT C. difficile); utility for pneumococci and MRSA

44
Q

Azithromycin (Z pack); clarithromycin (biaxin); erythromycin Therapies

A

Effective for intracellular pathogens (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella). H. influenzae; utility for Gram+ organisms

45
Q

Linezolid (Zyvox) Therapies

A

Gram+ organisms; used primarily for VRSA & MRSA

46
Q

Penicillin G; penicillin V SE

A

Mostly allergenic, seizures at high doses

47
Q

oxacillin; dicloxacillin SE

A

Oxacillin: heptotoxicity, neutropenia, allergenic, Dicloxicillin: heptotoxicity, neutropenia, allergenic,thrombophelbitis

48
Q

Ampicillin; amoxicillin SE

A

hypersensitivity, rash, GI, Mostly allergenic

49
Q

Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate) SE

A

Pip/taz: Immune-mediate thrombocytopenia (1/500), Mostly allergenic. Augmnetin: Diarrhea

50
Q

Cefazolin; cephalexin (keflex) SE

A

Mostly allergenic

51
Q

Cefuroxime (ceftin); cefoxitin (mefoxin) SE

A

Mostly allergenic

52
Q

Ceftazadime (fortaz); cefpodoxime (vantin); ceftriaxone (rocephin)SE

A

Mostly allergenic, greater correllation of C. difficle infection. Ceftriaxone: biliary sludging esp. in neonates

53
Q

Cefepime (Maxipime) SE

A

Mostly allergenic

54
Q

Ceftaroline (Teflaro) SE

A

Mostly allergenic

55
Q

Imipenem SE

A

Risk of seizures (cumulative dose-dependent) if dose not adjusted for renal failure; cross-allergenic with penicillins

56
Q

Aztreonam (Azactam) SE

A

Mostly allergenic

57
Q

Vancomycin SE

A

Hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis; “red man syndrome”); dose-dependent ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity; immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

58
Q

Daptomycin SE

A

Allergies; rhabdomyolysis, myalgias. Rare: eosinophilic pneumonia

59
Q

Dalbavancin (dalvance) SE

A

metallic taste, nausea, HA, nephrotoxicity, tertogenic

60
Q

Ciprofloxacin (cipro) SE

A

GI, Ha, dizziness

61
Q

Levofloxacin (levaquin) SE

A

QT prolongation, tendinitis

62
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl) SE

A

metallic taste, GI disturbance, peripheral neuropathy; disulfiram reaction with alcohol

63
Q

Gentamicin (gentak); tobramycin (tobrex) SE

A

nephroroxicity, ototoxicity, Rare: neuromuscular blockade

64
Q

Doxycycline; tetracycline SE

A

N/V/D, discoloration of teeth in children, photosensitivity, pill esophagitis

65
Q

Clindamycin SE

A

Allergies; C. difficile overgrowth (colitis), diarrhea

66
Q

Azithromycin (Z pack); clarithromycin (biaxin); erythromycin SE

A

Allergies; GI distress with oral administration, QT prolongation with IV erythromycin, rare hepatic effects

67
Q

Linezolid (Zyvox) SE

A

Allergies; agranulocytosis, meylosuppression

68
Q

Penicillin G; penicillin V misc

A

Parenteral: pen G; oral: pen V

69
Q

oxacillin; dicloxacillin misc

A

Oxacillin (IV), dicloxacillin (oral)

70
Q

Ampicillin; amoxicillin misc

A

Ampicillin (parenteral), amoxicillin (oral)

71
Q

Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate) misc

A

zosyn IV; augmentin oral

72
Q

Cefazolin; cephalexin (keflex) misc

A

Do not cross BBB; cefazolin (parenteral), cephalexin (oral)

73
Q

Ceftazadime (fortaz); cefpodoxime (vantin); ceftriaxone (rocephin) misc

A

Cross BBB; anti-pseudomonal: ceftazadime (parenteral), cefpodoxime (oral); non-anti-pseudmonal: ceftriaxone (parenteral; retains coverage against pneumococcus)

74
Q

Cefepime (Maxipime) misc

A

crosses BBB

75
Q

Imipenem misc

A

parenteral only; must be coupled with enzyme inhibitor (cilastin, adds four to six hours) to prevent rapid metabolism of imipenem by kidney dipeptidases (otherwise, cleared in a matter of minutes)

76
Q

Aztreonam (Azactam) misc

A

parenteral only; no cross-allergenicity with penicillins

77
Q

Vancomycin misc

A

IV for everything but C. difficile

78
Q

Dalbavancin (dalvance) misc

A

IV only

79
Q

Doxycycline; tetracycline misc

A

drug interation with calcium, iron, antacids (separate by few hours)

80
Q

Clindamycin misc

A

Use for aspiration pneumonias!

81
Q

Penicillin G; penicillin V MOA

A

prevent transpeptidation of peptidoglycan layers in the cell wall by binding to PBP’s

82
Q

oxacillin; dicloxacillin MOA

A

Penicillin with bulky side group to stop penicillinases

83
Q

Ampicillin; amoxicillin MOA

A

Semi-synthetic penicillins with special side group in common

84
Q

Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate) MOA

A

Presence of Suicide inhibitors that allow penicillins to do their job

85
Q

Cefazolin; cephalexin (keflex) MOA

A

As penicillins, but much broader spectrum

86
Q

Cefuroxime (ceftin); cefoxitin (mefoxin) MOA

A

As penicillins, but much broader spectrum

87
Q

Ceftazadime (fortaz); cefpodoxime (vantin); ceftriaxone (rocephin) MOA

A

As penicillins, but much broader spectrum

88
Q

Cefepime (Maxipime) MOA

A

As penicillins, but much broader spectrum

89
Q

Ceftaroline (Teflaro) MOA

A

As penicillins, but much broader spectrum

90
Q

Imipenem MOA

A

Similar to pencillins

91
Q

Aztreonam (Azactam) MOA

A

Similar to pencillins

92
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

Binds rapidly and irreversibly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine group on the peptide side-chain of the membrane-bound precursor; glycan chain extension, transpeptidation inhibited

93
Q

Daptomycin MOA

A

insertion into the gram-positive cell membrane causing depolarization and ultimate cell death

94
Q

Dalbavancin (dalvance) MOA

A

inhibition of transglycosylation by binding to D-ala-D-ala

95
Q

Ciprofloxacin (cipro) MOA

A

Inhibits DNA gyrase at low concentrations

96
Q

Levofloxacin (levaquin) MOA

A

Inhibits DNA gyrase at low concentrations; inhibits topoisomerase IV at high concentrations

97
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl) MOA

A

interacts with DNA to cause a loss of helical DNA structure and strand breakage resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis

98
Q

Gentamicin (gentak); tobramycin (tobrex) MOA

A

bind to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes and interfere with an initiation complex between mRNA and the 30S subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis

99
Q

Doxycycline; tetracycline MOA

A

Inhibits 30S ribosome: blocks access of tRNA anticodon to its codon

100
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Binds to 50S subunit at “A site,” blocking peptide bond formation

101
Q

Azithromycin (Z pack); clarithromycin (biaxin); erythromycin MOA

A

Binds to 50S subunit & blocks translocation by interference with tRNA release following peptide bond formation (inhibiting the peptide exit tunnel)

102
Q

Linezolid (Zyvox) MOA

A

binds to 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit inhibiting protein synthesis

Pharm Unit 6: AntiMicrobials (15 decks)

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